Table 1.
Characteristics of Children with Bronchiolitis on the Ward, According to Clinical Course
| Characteristics | No intensive care use (n=1,715) |
Late intensive care use (n=47) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study year | 0.12 | ||
| 2007–2008 winter season | 21% | 30% | |
| 2008–2009 winter season | 39% | 26% | |
| 2009–2010 winter season | 40% | 44% | |
| Age, mo | 0.04 | ||
| <6 | 62% | 77% | |
| ≥6 | 38% | 23% | |
| Sex | 0.77 | ||
| Male | 60% | 57% | |
| Female | 40% | 43% | |
| Race | 0.59 | ||
| White | 60% | 55% | |
| Black | 26% | 26% | |
| Other or missing | 14% | 19% | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 37% | 40% | 0.61 |
| Gestational age, weeks | 0.20 | ||
| <32 | 7% | 13% | |
| 32–36.9 | 17% | 17% | |
| ≥37 | 77% | 70% | |
| Birth weight, pounds | 0.07 | ||
| <5 | 12% | 21% | |
| ≥5 | 88% | 79% | |
| Exposure to tobacco smoke | 13% | 17% | 0.39 |
| Major relevant, comorbid medical disorder* | 21% | 24% | 0.66 |
| Previously admitted overnight to a hospital (any cause) | 20% | 30% | 0.10 |
| Kept in ICU, premature nursery, or any type of special care facility when born (%) | 25% | 36% | 0.09 |
| When difficulty breathing began prior to index visit | 0.11 | ||
| <24 hours or no difficulty breathing | 29% | 38% | |
| 1–3 days | 43% | 47% | |
| ≥4 days | 28% | 15% | |
| Vital signs on first day of admission | |||
| Highest respiratory rate, per minute (median, IQR) | 52 (44–60) | 56 (48–70) | 0.003 |
| <70 | 92% | 70% | <0.001 |
| ≥70 | 8% | 30% | |
| Lowest O2 saturation on room air†, % (median, IQR) | 94 (92–96) | 91 (87–95) | 0.003 |
| Given nebulized albuterol on first day of admission | 34% | 55% | 0.003 |
| Given nebulized epinephrine on first day of admission | 7% | 19% | 0.01 |
| Given steroids on first day of admission | 15% | 21% | 0.28 |
| Received high flow oxygen on first day of admission | 2% | 21% | <0.001 |
| Virology results of nasopharyngeal aspirate‡ | |||
| RSV | 72% | 72% | 0.95 |
| HRV | 25% | 28% | 0.71 |
| Adenovirus | 8% | 11% | 0.59 |
| HMPV | 8% | 9% | 0.78 |
| Number of viral pathogens detected from nasopharyngeal aspirate | 1.00 | ||
| 0 | 5% | 4% | |
| 1 | 65% | 66% | |
| ≥2 | 30% | 30% |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; HRV, human rhinovirus; HMPV, human metapneumovirus.
*
Relevant comorbid medical disorders include respiratory, cardiac, neurologic, gastrointestinal, and immunologic diseases.
†
Data are available for 1401 patients.
‡
Percentages do not sum up to 100% because of co-infections.