| Flight speed at t
c = 0.3s |
3.0 ± 0.8 (mean ± s.d.) |
3.9 ± 1.1 |
p = 0.0039 |
| Maximum flight speed (m s-1) |
5.4 ± 1.4 |
6.2 ± 1.3 |
p = 0.0629 |
|
t
ma: t
c at maximum average acceleration, t
c ≤ 0.3s (s) |
0.17 |
0.08 |
- |
| Acceleration magnitude at t
ma (m s-2) |
9.1 ± 4.8 |
14.6 ± 5.7 |
p = 0.0025 |
| Overall maximum acceleration (m s-2) |
19.6 |
42.3 |
- |
| Kinetic + potential energy at t
c = 0.3s (J kg-1) |
35.1 ± 2.1 |
35.2 ± 3.0 |
p = 0.6812 |
| Kinetic energy at t
c = 0.3s (J kg-1) |
4.7 ± 2.6 |
8.3 ± 4.2 |
p = 0.0046 |
| Potential energy at t
c = 0.3s (J kg-1) |
30.4 ± 1.1 |
27.2 ± 2.3 |
p < 0.0001 |
| Mean kinematic power at 0 ≤ t
c ≤ 0.3s (W kg-1) |
18.6 ± 6.8 |
20.3 ± 8.4 |
p = 0.5050 |
| Maximum mean kinematic power 0 ≤ t
c ≤ 0.3s (W kg-1) |
33.0 |
39.4 |
- |
| Maximum angular velocity (degrees s-1) |
258.8 ± 107.4 |
334.8 ± 149.2 |
p = 0.0627 |
| Flight speed at maximum angular velocity (m s-1) |
1.5 ± 0.7 |
2.2 ± 1.4 |
p = 0.0556 |
| Maximum gravity-adjusted centripetal force (body weights) |
0.9 ± 0.3 |
1.6 ± 0.7 |
p = 0.0002 |
| Flight speed at maximum gravity-adjusted centripetal force (m s-1) |
3.1 ± 1.7 |
4.2 ± 1.5 |
p = 0.0242 |
