Table 2. Results of the screening for phototoxicity.
| Immediate Phototoxicity (30 min after light pulse) | Late Phototoxicity (240 min after light pulse) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Vitality w/Light Pulse | Vitality non Light Pulse | Classification | Vitality w/Light Pulse | Vitality non Light Pulse | Classification |
| 24 | Phloxine B | 0.11 +/- 0.03 | 1.08 +/- 0.09 | Phototoxic | 0.26 +/- 0.06 | 0.85 +/- 0.08 | Phototoxic |
| 25 | Primuline | 0.11 +/- 0.05 | 0.86 +/- 0.07 | Phototoxic | 0.19 +/- 0.04 | 0.87 +/- 0.07 | Phototoxic |
| 10 | Eosin Y | 0.25 +/- 0.04 | 1.05 +/- 0.1 | Phototoxic | 0.63 +/- 0.07 | 1.1 +/- 0.13 | Phototoxic |
| 1 | Acridine orange | 0.42 +/- 0.05 | 1.17 +/- 0.08 | Phototoxic | 0.48 +/- 0.06 | 0.86 +/- 0.08 | Phototoxic |
| 29 | Rose bengal | 0.46 +/- 0.06 | 1.01 +/- 0.07 | Phototoxic | 0.4 +/- 0.04 | 0.91 +/- 0.05 | Phototoxic |
| 34 | Thioflavin T | 0.51 +/- 0.02 | 0.92 +/- 0.03 | Phototoxic | 0.63 +/- 0.03 | 0.81 +/- 0.05 | Phototoxic |
| 31 | Safranine T | 0.76 +/- 0.04 | 0.94 +/- 0.03 | Phototoxic | 0.64 +/- 0.03 | 0.9 +/- 0.04 | Phototoxic |
| 23 | Nuclear fast red | 0.34 +/- 0.03 | 1.07 +/- 0.04 | Phototoxic | 0.78 +/- 0.03 | 0.92 +/- 0.06 | Phototoxic |
| 7 | Chrysoidine | 0.42 +/- 0.05 | 0.63 +/- 0.06 | Phot + Tox | 0.55 +/- 0.03 | 0.5 +/- 0.05 | Toxic |
| 33 | Thioflavin S | 0.49 +/- 0.04 | 0.91 +/- 0.04 | Phototoxic | 0.81 +/- 0.07 | 0.88 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic |
| 17 | Mercurochrome | 0.56 +/- 0.04 | 1.16 +/- 0.06 | Phototoxic | 0.86 +/- 0.06 | 0.82 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic |
| 21 | Neutral red | 0.6 +/- 0.05 | 1 +/- 0.05 | Phototoxic | 0.85 +/- 0.04 | 0.93 +/- 0.04 | NonToxic |
| 37 | Trypan blue | 0.64 +/- 0.05 | 1.06 +/- 0.05 | Phototoxic | 0.91 +/- 0.06 | 0.94 +/- 0.09 | NonToxic |
| 36 | Toluidine blue O | 0.69 +/- 0.04 | 1.09 +/- 0.05 | Phototoxic | 0.86 +/- 0.04 | 0.95 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic |
| 3 | Auramine O | 0.7 +/- 0.05 | 0.9 +/- 0.07 | Phototoxic | 0.89 +/- 0.06 | 0.96 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic |
| 28 | Riboflavine | 0.76 +/- 0.06 | 0.97 +/- 0.05 | Phototoxic | 0.93 +/- 0.07 | 0.84 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic |
| 27 | Rhodamine B | 0.8 +/- 0.08 | 1 +/- 0.05 | Phototoxic | 0.98 +/- 0.05 | 0.97 +/- 0.04 | NonToxic |
| 19 | Morin | 0.73 +/- 0.05 | 0.84 +/- 0.08 | Toxic | 0.85 +/- 0.06 | 0.9 +/- 0.09 | NonToxic |
| 9 | Curcumin | 0.82 +/- 0.09 | 1.12 +/- 0.09 | NonToxic | 0.9 +/- 0.07 | 1.18 +/- 0.12 | NonToxic |
| 2 | Alizarin red S | 0.82 +/- 0.07 | 0.93 +/- 0.08 | NonToxic | 0.85 +/- 0.08 | 0.93 +/- 0.07 | NonToxic |
| 4 | Berberine | 0.82 +/- 0.09 | 0.9 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic | 0.94 +/- 0.09 | 0.92 +/- 0.09 | NonToxic |
| 5 | Bismarck brown Y | 0.87 +/- 0.08 | 0.89 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic | 0.81 +/- 0.07 | 0.85 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic |
| 6 | Carmine | 0.87 +/- 0.07 | 1.1 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic | 0.99 +/- 0.09 | 0.95 +/- 0.09 | NonToxic |
| 13 | Hematoxylin | 0.89 +/- 0.05 | 0.97 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic | 1.08 +/- 0.05 | 1.06 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic |
| 32 | Tartrazine | 0.91 +/- 0.04 | 0.93 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic | 0.99 +/- 0.05 | 0.94 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic |
| 22 | NiPcS4 | 0.92 +/- 0.07 | 0.94 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic | 0.89 +/- 0.04 | 0.89 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic |
| 26 | Pyronine Y | 0.92 +/- 0.05 | 0.93 +/- 0.03 | NonToxic | 0.94 +/- 0.04 | 0.88 +/- 0.04 | NonToxic |
| 12 | Fluorescein | 0.93 +/- 0.06 | 0.99 +/- 0.09 | NonToxic | 0.96 +/- 0.07 | 0.96 +/- 0.07 | NonToxic |
| 35 | Thionine | 1.01 +/- 0.11 | 1.01 +/- 0.08 | NonToxic | 0.85 +/- 0.07 | 0.9 +/- 0.07 | NonToxic |
| 11 | Fast green FCF | 1.01 +/- 0.07 | 0.99 +/- 0.07 | NonToxic | 0.95 +/- 0.06 | 1.02 +/- 0.09 | NonToxic |
| 20 | Naphthol Blue Black | 1.03 +/- 0.09 | 0.9 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic | 0.89 +/- 0.09 | 0.93 +/- 0.08 | NonToxic |
| 16 | Luxol fast blue | 1.03 +/- 0.07 | 1.03 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic | 0.99 +/- 0.06 | 0.98 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic |
| 18 | Methylene blue | 1.04 +/- 0.06 | 0.94 +/- 0.04 | NonToxic | 0.83 +/- 0.04 | 0.93 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic |
| 30 | Ruphen | 1.04 +/- 0.08 | 1.02 +/- 0.07 | NonToxic | 1 +/- 0.06 | 0.99 +/- 0.08 | NonToxic |
| 14 | Indigocarmine | 1.04 +/- 0.05 | 1.04 +/- 0.06 | NonToxic | 0.97 +/- 0.04 | 1.03 +/- 0.1 | NonToxic |
| 8 | Congo red | 1.12 +/- 0.09 | 1.15 +/- 0.1 | NonToxic | 1.04 +/- 0.09 | 1.06 +/- 0.11 | NonToxic |
| 15 | Janus green B | 1.12 +/- 0.07 | 0.99 +/- 0.05 | NonToxic | 0.73 +/- 0.08 | 0.71 +/- 0.07 | Toxic |
All dyes were tested at least in 2 independent experiments (with 4 internal replicates each) using 100 μM concentration, with the exception of curcumin which was assayed at 10 μM for solubility reasons. Vitality is reported as the rate of locomotor activity of dye treated worms over buffer treated worms under the same light conditions (Vitality Rate).