Table 1.
Distribution of selected characteristics among adults aged ≥ 18 years, by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) status and cigarette smoking status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011
| Characteristic | Number of Respondents | No COPD [N = 372,498] % (95% CI) | COPD [N = 33,088] % (95% CI) | Never Smokera [N = 218,356] % (95% CI) | Former Smokerb [N = 126,784] % (95% CI) | Current Smokerc [N = 60,446] % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group, yearsd,e | ||||||
| 18–24 | 8,271 | 6.9 (6.6, 7.1) | 3.0 (2.4, 3.7) | 8.8 (8.5, 9.2) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) | 7.6 (7.0, 8.2) |
| 25–44 | 79,574 | 33.2 (32.8, 33.5) | 15.6 (14.6, 16.6) | 35.3 (34.9, 35.8) | 21.9 (21.4, 22.5) | 37.4 (36.5, 38.2) |
| 45–64 | 177,092 | 39.8 (39.5, 40.1) | 44.4 (43.3, 45.5) | 37.4 (37.0, 37.8) | 42.7 (42.2, 43.3) | 44.5 (43.7, 45.3) |
| ≥65 | 140,649 | 20.1 (19.9, 20.3) | 37.1 (36.1, 38.1) | 18.4 (18.2, 18.7) | 33.7 (33.2, 34.2) | 10.5 (10.2, 10.9) |
| Genderd,e | ||||||
| Men | 155,240 | 47.6 (47.3, 47.9) | 40.0 (38.9, 41.2) | 41.9 (41.5, 42.4) | 54.5 (54.0, 55.1) | 51.3 (50.5, 52.1) |
| Women | 250,346 | 52.4 (52.1, 52.7) | 60.0 (58.8, 61.1) | 58.1 (57.6, 58.5) | 45.5 (44.9, 46.0) | 48.7 (47.9, 49.5) |
| Race/ethnicityd,e | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 326,032 | 69.4 (69.1, 69.7) | 76.4 (75.3, 77.5) | 65.7 (65.2, 66.1) | 77.7 (77.1, 78.2) | 70.7 (69.8, 71.5) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 32,004 | 11.1 (10.8, 11.3) | 10.7 (9.9, 11.5) | 12.1 (11.8, 12.5) | 7.4 (7.0, 7.7) | 13.4 (12.8, 14.0) |
| Asian | 6,534 | 3.9 (3.7, 4.1) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.4) | 2.2 (1.9, 2.4) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 641 | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 5,062 | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | 0.7 (0.7, 0.8) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.8) |
| Other race, non-Hispanic | 2,154 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) |
| Multiracial, non-Hispanic | 6,601 | 1.3 (1.2, 1.3) | 2.6 (2.2, 3.0) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.4 (1.3, 1.6) | 2.1 (1.9, 2.3) |
| Hispanic | 26,558 | 12.8 (12.5, 13.1) | 7.0 (6.3, 7.8) | 14.6 (14.2, 14.9) | 9.7 (9.3, 10.2) | 9.8 (9.2, 10.4) |
| Marital statusd,e | ||||||
| Married | 226,900 | 57.4 (57.0, 57.7) | 45.2 (44.1, 46.3) | 58.3 (57.8, 58.7) | 62.4 (61.8, 62.9) | 41.8 (41.0, 42.6) |
| Previously marriedf | 124,897 | 20.3 (20.1, 20.5) | 38.4 (37.4, 39.4) | 17.9 (17.6, 18.2) | 24.5 (24.1, 24.9) | 28.2 (27.6, 28.9) |
| Never marriedg | 52,789 | 22.3 (22.0, 22.7) | 16.4 (15.4, 17.5) | 23.8 (23.4, 24.2) | 13.2 (12.7, 13.6) | 30.0 (29.2, 30.8) |
| Educational attainmentd,e | ||||||
| Did not graduate high school | 31,713 | 11.7 (11.4, 12.0) | 23.0 (22.0, 24.1) | 10.0 (9.7, 10.3) | 13.1 (12.6, 13.6) | 19.2 (18.4, 19.9) |
| Graduated high school | 116,123 | 27.8 (27.5, 28.1) | 34.3 (33.3, 35.4) | 24.9 (24.5, 25.3) | 30.0 (29.5, 30.5) | 35.9 (35.2, 36.7) |
| Some college or technical school | 109,389 | 30.1 (29.7, 30.4) | 29.8 (28.8, 30.8) | 29.0 (28.6, 29.5) | 30.9 (30.4, 31.4) | 31.8 (31.1, 32.6) |
| Graduated college or technical school | 148,361 | 30.5 (30.2, 30.8) | 12.8 (12.2, 13.4) | 36.1 (35.7, 36.5) | 26.1 (25.6, 26.5) | 13.1 (12.6, 13.6) |
| Annual Household Incomed,e | ||||||
| <$25 000 | 99,613 | 22.7 (22.4, 23.0) | 43.5 (42.4, 44.6) | 21.1 (20.7, 21.5) | 22.2 (21.8, 22.7) | 36.6 (35.8, 37.4) |
| $25 000–$49 999 | 94,694 | 22.2 (21.9, 22.5) | 23.4 (22.5, 24.4) | 20.8 (20.5, 21.2) | 23.9 (23.4, 24.3) | 24.3 (23.6, 25.0) |
| ≥$50 000 | 159,790 | 43.6 (43.3, 44.0) | 20.5 (19.6, 21.4) | 46.0 (45.6, 46.4) | 42.8 (42.2, 43.3) | 28.5 (27.8, 29.3) |
| Missing | 51,489 | 11.5 (11.2, 11.7) | 12.6 (11.9, 13.4) | 12.1 (11.8, 12.3) | 11.1 (10.8, 11.4) | 10.6 (10.1, 11.1) |
| Health insurance coveragee | 372,163 | 87.9 (87.6, 88.1) | 87.5 (86.5, 88.3) | 89.1 (88.8, 89.4) | 91.2 (90.9, 91.6) | 78.7 (77.9, 79.4) |
| Other chronic conditions | ||||||
| Arthritisd,e | 146,781 | 26.4 (26.1, 26.6) | 59.2 (58.1, 60.3) | 23.5 (23.1, 23.8) | 37.1 (36.6, 37.6) | 31.2 (30.5, 32.0) |
| Asthmad,e | 51,877 | 11.2 (11.0, 11.4) | 43.6 (42.5, 44.7) | 12.4 (12.1, 12.7) | 13.4 (13.0, 13.8) | 16.5 (15.9, 17.2) |
| Cancerd,e | 41,469 | 6.9 (6.8, 7.1) | 15.9 (15.1, 16.6) | 6.1 (5.9, 6.3) | 10.8 (10.5, 11.1) | 7.0 (6.6, 7.3) |
| Coronary heart diseased,e | 40,071 | 4.3 (4.2, 4.4) | 18.1 (17.3, 18.9) | 3.4 (3.3, 3.6) | 8.7 (8.4, 9.0) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.8) |
| Depressiond,e | 74,234 | 15.7 (15.4, 15.9) | 38.1 (37.0, 39.2) | 13.1 (12.8, 13.4) | 18.2 (17.8, 18.6) | 28.3 (27.6, 29.0) |
| Diabetesd,e | 55,227 | 10.9 (10.7, 11.1) | 23.0 (22.1, 23.9) | 10.0 (9.8, 10.3) | 15.7 (15.3, 16.1) | 10.7 (10.3, 11.2) |
| High blood pressured,e | 175,037 | 35.0 (34.7, 35.3) | 58.1 (57.0, 59.2) | 32.3 (31.9, 32.7) | 45.6 (45.1, 46.1) | 35.7 (35.0, 36.5) |
| High cholesterold,e | 175,875 | 36.8 (36.5, 37.1) | 57.9 (56.8, 59.0) | 33.8 (33.4, 34.2) | 46.8 (46.3, 47.4) | 38.7 (37.9, 39.5) |
| Kidney diseased,e | 13,513 | 2.5 (2.4, 2.6) | 7.3 (6.8, 7.9) | 2.4 (2.3, 2.5) | 3.7 (3.5, 3.9) | 2.8 (2.6, 3.1) |
| Stroked,e | 17,362 | 2.8 (2.7, 2.9) | 9.7 (9.2, 10.3) | 2.3 (2.1, 2.4) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.8) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.5) |
| Number of chronic conditionsd,e | ||||||
| 0 | 90,144 | 30.8 (30.5, 31.1) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.8) | 34.9 (34.5, 35.4) | 19.7 (19.2, 20.2) | 25.5 (24.8, 26.2) |
| 1 | 95,683 | 26.4 (26.1, 26.7) | 12.6 (11.8, 13.4) | 26.7 (26.3. 27.1) | 23.2 (22.7, 23.7) | 25.1 (24.4, 25.8) |
| 2 | 84,435 | 19.3 (19.0, 19.5) | 17.7 (16.9, 18.6) | 17.8 (17.5, 18.2) | 21.5 (21.1, 22.0) | 19.5 (18.9, 20.2) |
| 3 | 63,927 | 12.6 (12.4, 12.8) | 20.0 (19.2, 20.9) | 11.0 (10.8, 11.2) | 16.8 (16.4, 17.2) | 14.1 (13.6, 14.6) |
| 4 | 39,321 | 6.8 (6.6, 6.9) | 18.6 (17.7, 19.4) | 5.8 (5.6, 6.0) | 10.4 (10.1, 10.7) | 8.6 (8.2, 9.1) |
| 5 | 19,735 | 2.9 (2.8, 3.0) | 13.4 (12.7, 14.1) | 2.5 (2.3, 2.6) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.6) | 4.4 (4.1, 4.7) |
| 6 | 8,470 | 1.0 (0,9, 1.0) | 7.5 (7.0, 8.1) | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | 2.1 (2.0, 2.3) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) |
| 7 | 2,840 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 3.5 (3.2, 3.9) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) |
| ≥8 | 1,031 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2, 0,3) |
| Cigarette smokingd | ||||||
| Never smokera | 218,356 | 57.0 (56.7, 57.3) | 24.1 (23.2, 25.1) | – | – | – |
| Former smokerb | 126,784 | 27.0 (26.7, 27.2) | 39.2 (38.1, 40.2) | – | – | – |
| Current smokerc | 60,446 | 16.0 (15.8, 16.3) | 36.7 (35.6, 37.8) | – | – | – |
a
Respondents who smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes during their lifetime were considered never smokers.
b
Respondents who smoked at least 100 cigarettes and reported smoking not at all at the time of interview were considered former smokers.
c
Respondents who smoked at least 100 cigarettes and reported smoking every day or on some days at the time of interview were considered current smokers.
d
Difference in distribution by COPD status determined to be statistically significant (chi-square p=0.05).
e
Difference in distribution by smoking status determined to be statistically significant (chi-square p=0.05).
f
Previously married includes those divorced, widowed, or separated.
g
Never married includes those never married or members of unmarried couples.