. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Paediatr Respir Rev. 2014 Dec 3;16(3):189–196. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.11.003

Table 1.

mechanisms of OSAS in children with select craniofacial conditions

Condition	Potential causes of OSAS
Craniofacial cleft	Short mandible, retrognathia ± nasal deformity
Syndromic micrognathia (i.e. Pierre Robin Sequence, Stickler syndrome, etc)	Micrognathia, glossoptosis, ± midface hypoplasia
Craniosynostosis	Midface hypoplasia
Down syndrome	Relative macroglossia, midface hypoplasia, reduced muscle tone
Achondroplasia	Midface hypoplasia, retrognathia