Table 4.
Surgical complications and their severity in patients with HCC resection.
| Variables | HCC < 10 cm (n = 188) | HCC ≧ 10 cm (n = 23) |
|---|---|---|
| Complications and severity | ||
| Total complications | 56 (29.8%) | 9 (39.1%) |
| Grade I | ||
| CNS-seizures | 1 | 0 |
| Bile leakage | 1 | 2 |
| Ascites | 16 | 2 |
| Pleural effusion | 2 | 0 |
| Transient hepatic insufficiency | 1 | 0 |
| Wound hematoma | 1 | 0 |
| Others | 1 | 0 |
| Grade II | ||
| Newly onset atrial fibrillation | 2 | 0 |
| Postoperative bleeding | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia | 0 | 1 |
| Acute renal impairment | 1 | 0 |
| Grade III | ||
| Bile leakage | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural effusion needing drainage | 14 | 0 |
| Grader IV | ||
| Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS | 9 | 2 |
| Acute renal impairment | 1 | 0 |
| Consciousness changes of unknown cause | 0 | 1 |
| Adrenal insufficiency | 1 | 0 |
| Grade V | ||
| Liver failure | 2 | 1 |
| Acute renal impairment | 1 | 0 |
Abbreviation: ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.