Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2014 Nov 19;55(6 0):S48–S57. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.023

TABLE 3.

A. SEXUAL EXPERIENCE AND PREGNANCY BY KEY SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, NEIGHBORHOOD AND BEHAVIORAL
CHARACTERISTICS: BALTIMORE AND JOHANNESBURG FEMALES
EVER HAD SEXUAL INTERCOURSE EVER PREGNANT
BALTIMORE
N=193		 JOHANNESBURG
N=224		 BALTIMORE
N=130		 JOHANNESBURG
N=130
W% UW n W% UW n W% UWn W% UW n
AGE
  15–16 years 62.0*** 47/91 41.2*** 21/53 34.8*** 10/47 47.4* 6/21
  17–19 years 82.1 83/102 69.7 109/171 62.0 43/83 18.4 19/109
EDUCATION LEVEL
  Less than 8th grade 51.2* 15/26 39.7* 6/15 61.7 9/15 11.6 1/6
  Some high school 72.8 76/118 46.3 73/140 39.0 18/76 27.8 9/73
  High school degree 82.8 37/46 85.9 29/36 84.6 26/37 40.2 9/29
  Some college, no degree 94.6 2/3 70.6 22/33 0 0/0 20.5 6/22
CURRENTLY IN SCHOOL
  No 78.2 28/32 80.9* 9/12 72.3 19/28 35.2 4/9
  Yes 71.4 101/160 54.4 121/211 45.7 33/101 28.2 21/121
RELATIVE WEALTH
  Better than most 78.4 35/54 72.9** 34/50 57.2 14/35 30.0 4/34
  Same as most 70.4 83/124 51.8 84/154 50.6 34/83 28.5 17/84
  Worse than most 64.5 11/13 57.6 12/20 27.1 5/11 28.1 4/12
PERSON(S) RAISED BY
  Two parents 72.0** 60/93 58.8 81/131 47.2 23/60 17.0* 11/81
  One parent 84.3 31/45 61.6 13/22 59.8 12/31 51.7 5/13
  Other 59.6 29/43 60.3 32/58 56.8 15/29 44.2 8/32
UNSTABLE HOUSING
  No 72.7 125/187 53.9 106/189 51.8*** 51/125 20.5* 16/106
  Yes 94.1 5/6 65.1 24/35 14.2 2/5 61.9 9/24
EVER USED ALCOHOL
  No 58.6*** 50/97 37.9*** 37/83 42.8* 22/50 12.0** 4/37
  Yes 85.5 80/96 66.1 93/141 56.6 31/80 34.3 21/93
ALCOHOL USE PAST 30 DAYS£
  Did not drink 87.6 34/42 59.5 31/54 54.0± 10/32 19.1 4/30
  < 5 drinks in a row 77.7 27/32 74.6 32/49 35.9 12/27 31.1 4/29
  >5 drinks in a row 91.6 18/20 62.4 30/38 73.7 18/16 26.6 9/30
AGE FIRST SEX
  15 years or older 45.0** 29/77 22.6* 17/114
  14 years or younger 61.3 24/53 57.0 8/16
LIFETIME SEXUAL PARTNERS
  1 20.8** 9/30 30.5* 6/59
  2–4 42.6 11/47 21.3 10/55
  ≥ 5 72.4 29/45 60.2 9/16
EVER SAME SEX PARTNER
  No 45.3 32/90 29.4 21/114
  Yes 66.4 21/39 22.6 4/16
EVER TRANSACTIONAL SEX
  No 48.3± 46/121 27.4* 20/121
  Yes 82.9 7/9 50.2 5/9
UNWANTED SEX PAST YEAR
  No 49.2 43/114 29.0 20/109
  Yes 75.5 10/15 28.7 5/21
ANY CONTRACEPTION AT FIRST SEX±
  No 72.4*** 16/30 52.8* 7/19
  Yes 50.0 37/99 20.9 18/111
CONDOM AT FIRST SEX
  No 75.3*** 16/29 57.1* 8/23
  Yes 48.9 36/95 20.1 16/105
OTHER CONTRACEPTION AT FIRST SEX±±
  No 49.8 37/91 31.5 18/88
  Yes 57.9 16/37 23.2 6/35
ALWAYS USE CONDOMS
  No 55.6* 35/81 43.4** 19/57
  Yes 27.1 9/28 5.2 3/46
PERCEIVED SAFETY IN ENVIRONMENT
  Safe 67.9** 68/118 57.6 62/113 51.2 25/68 28.8 11/62
  Unsafe 82.7 62/75 53.8 68/111 51.5 28/62 28.7 14/68
Ever had sexual intercourse - W Mean (SE) Ever pregnant - W Mean (SE)
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
PERCEIVED FEAR (scale)§ 5.5 (0.6) 5.0 (0.4) 6.4 (0.33) 6.6 (0.18) 5.7 (0.73) 5.3 (1.0) 7.9 (0.86)** 6.1 (0.11)
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE (scale)§ 6.56 (0.60) 5.4 (0.30) 7.2 (0.21) 6.8 (0.39) 6.5 (0.69) 6.6 (0.66) 8.9 (0.74)*** 6.5 (0.28)
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (scale)§ 11.3 (0.44)** 15.0 (0.43) 12.6 (0.40) 13.1 (0.51) 10.3 (0.50)** 12.4 (0.76) 8.6 (1.05)** 14.2 (0.42)
B. SEXUAL EXPERIENCE AND PREGNANCY BY KEY SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, NEIGHBORHOOD AND BEHAVIORAL
CHARACTERISTICS: BALTIMORE AND JOHANNESBURG MALES
EVER HETEROSEXUAL INTERCOURSE PARTNER EVER PREGNANT
BALTIMORE
N=263		 JOHANNESBURG
N=272		 BALTIMORE
N=222		 JOHANNESBURG
N=216
W% UW n W% UW n W% UW n W% UW n
AGE
  15–16 years 77.8* 127/161 54.0** 47/70 12.5* 24/127 15.8 8/47
  17–19 years 94.3 95/102 82.3 169/202 36.0 39/95 27.0 49/169
EDUCATION LEVEL
Less than 8th grade 68.2 38/55 26.9* 10/22) 25.9 8/38 18.9 3/10
Some high school 92.0 141/160 74.8 147/177 27.1 39/141 25.8 43/147
High school degree 85.6 36/41 84.9 37/42 27.1 14/36 17.1 7/37
Some college, no degree 100.0 7/7 57.6 22/31 28.9 2/7 15.2 4/22
CURRENTLY IN SCHOOL
  No 96.8 34/35 88.8*** 69/76 41.9*** 47/188 28.9 32/146
  Yes 84.9 188/228 61.2 146/195 23.1 16/34 19.5 25/69
RELATIVE WEALTH
  Better than most 84.9 84/100 54.1 45/60 18.3* 17/84 11.6 7/45
  Same as most 89.6 118/138 70.0 150/188 30.7 39/118 23.6 42/150
  Worse than most 86.5 13/16 86.0 21/24 47.6 5/13 32.4 8/21
PERSON(S) RAISED BY$
  Two parents 86.8 92/113 68.4 108/139 22.6 23/92 17.8 23/108
  One parent 87.0 50/60 63.1 21/26 32.7 14/50 29.5 6/21
  Other 88.7 60/66 68.1 77/94 28.4 19/60 24.1 24/77
UNSTABLE HOUSING
  No 88.7 201/234 68.5 168/212 25.3 53/201 20.7 40/168
  Yes 94.6 21/24 64.7 48/60 44.3 10/21 27.3 17/48
EVER USED ALCOHOL
  No 84.8 110/136 46.7* 28/56 21.8 23/110 23.2 6/28
  Yes 89.2 112/127 75.7 188/216 31.3 40/112 18.7 51/188
ALCOHOL USE PAST 30 DAYS£
  Did not drink 95.4 49/54 48.6* 33/47 20.6* 10/49 13.5** 6/33
  < 5 drinks in a row 83.0 30/34 82.6 71/78 37.6 12/30 14.8 14/71
  >5 drinks in a row 88.2 30/33 89.7 84/91 48.3 18/30 33.3 31/84
AGE FIRST SEX
  15 years or older 16.9*** 9/41 12.1*** 23/123
  14 years or younger 30.9 56/181 34.7 34/93
LIFETIME SEXUAL PARTNERS
  1 10.2* 3/13 16.4* 2/16
  2–4 10.3 5/24 3.6 7/65
  ≥ 5 29.2 41/147 30.4 38/116
EVER SAME SEX PARTNER
  No 27.3 56/203 21.5 53/202
  Yes 37.1 7/13 31.0 4/14
EVER TRANSACTIONAL SEX
  No 27.3 54/196 17.7* 38/169
  Yes 28.9 9/23 42.1 19/47
UNWANTED SEX PAST YEAR
  Yes 23.7 11/26 31.4 17/50
  No 28.5 52/192 18.9 40/166
ANY CONTRACEPTION AT FIRST SEX±
  No 29.6 16/60 22.7 23/76
  Yes 23.8 41/151 22.6 33/136
CONDOM AT FIRST SEX
  No 40.7± 21/63 19.0 26/81
  Yes 21.5 36/145 23.8 29/127
OTHER CONTRACEPTION AT FIRST SEX±±
  No 27.5 37/142 19.1 34/147
  Yes 30.8 18/47 33.7 18/41
ALWAYS USE CONDOMS
  No 36.7± 49/133 31.9** 35/107
  Yes 21.5 12/58 22.8 16/49
PERCEIVED SAFETY IN ENVIRONMENT
  Safe 84.4*** 117/146 71.9 105/138 23.4± 31/117 16.7 25/105
  Unsafe 90.9 103/113 64.1 110/133 31.8 31/103 27.3 32/110
Ever had sexual intercourse - W Mean (SE) Partner ever pregnant - W Mean (SE)
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
PERCEIVED FEAR (scale)§ 3.1 (0.14)* 3.8 (0.25) 4.9 (0.30) 6.2 (0.75) 4.9 (0.22)* 2.4 (0.34) 3.2 (0.05)*** 5.4 (0.32)
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE (scale)§ 7.3 (0.32)*** 5.2 (0.18) 9.1 (0.24) 8.3 (1.13) 9.8 (0.43)** 6.3 (0.39) 9.4 (0.64) 9.0 (0.30)
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (scale)§ 11.4 (0.55)* 14.4 (0.99) 10.4 (0.31) 10.6 (1.43) 9.4 (1.26) 12.1(0.53) 7.7 (0.27)*** 11.1 (0.30)

Displaying weighted (W) row proportions using cluster and combined RDS and age post-stratification weights, followed by unweighted (U) observations by variable.

***

p<0.001,

**

p<0.01,

*

p<0.05 ± p<0.1.

Using Pearson’s corrected Chi Square test to compare the proportion ever-sex vs. never-sex (columns 1–2) and ever-pregnant vs. never-pregnant (columns 3–4) by characteristics (row percent).

Note: majority of sample unmarried (>98%).

£

Excluding currently pregnant females because the prevalence of drinking could be affected by being pregnant.

££

Age at first sex calculcated through survival analysis; differences determined by log-rank test

$

Before you were 15, who was the primary woman/man who raised you? Biological vs. none or other female/male figure

§

Neighborhood fear (0–18): higher score = more fear of moving around; Physical environment (0–24): higher score = better physical environment; Neighborhood violence (0–24): higher score = more violence observed

±

Condom or any other method for pregnancy prevention (Did you use something other than a condom to prevent pregnancy that last time, like birth control pills or something else (i.e. morning-after-pill, emergency contraceptives, patches, withdrawal, rhythm, injection, creams/suppository/jelly)?

±±

Any other method than condom for pregnancy prevention