Table 3.

Changes in Body Composition and BMD After 2 Years of Dietary Intervention, Adjusted for Baseline Values, Diet Assignment, Change in Physical Activity, and Age

Variable	Postmenopausal Women (n = 100 to 134)		Premenopausal Women (n = 29 to 60)a		Men (n = 107 to 154)		Sex Difference (P Values)a			Sex Effect	Sex × BL
	Δ0–24	P Value	Δ0–24	P Value	Δ0–24	P Value	Post vs Pre	Post vs Men	Pre vs Men
Weight, kg	−4.7 ± 0.9	<.0001	−4.2 ± 1.1	.0002	−5.2 ± 0.8	<.0001	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.711	0.620
LM, kg	−2.0 ± 0.6	.002	−2.6 ± 0.7	.0001	−1.3 ± 0.5	.01	1.000	1.000	.352	0.265	0.381
FM, kg	−3.0 ± 0.5	<.0001	−3.1 ± 1.1	.005	−5.9 ± 0.5	<.0001	1.000	<.001	.059	0.331	0.054
LMI	−0.69 ± 0.15	<.0001	−0.95 ± 0.19	<.0001	−0.56 ± 0.15	.0002	.857	1.000	.303	0.544	0.589
FMI	−1.07 ± 0.20	<.0001	−1.06 ± 0.42	.011	−2.16 ± 0.21	<.0001	1.000	.0007	.056	0.349	0.060
VAT, kga	−0.56 ± 0.25	.025	n/a	n/a	−0.71 ± 0.34	.034	n/a	.700	n/a	0.095	0.032
SAT, kga	−1.15 ± 0.26	<.0001	n/a	n/a	−1.78 ± 0.30	<.0001	n/a	.123	n/a	0.534	0.314
Fat/lean ratio at 24 mo	0.57 ± 0.01	<.0001	0.58 ± 0.02	<.0001	0.51 ± 0.01	<.0001	1.000	.003	.013	0.663	0.194
Spine BMD	−0.010 ± 0.004	.005	−0.016 ± 0.007	.040	+0.022 ± 0.003	<.0001	1.000	<.0001	<.0001	0.288	0.205
Femoral neck BMD	−0.033 ± 0.004	<.0001	−0.024 ± 0.008	.002	+0.0008 ± 0.003	.816	.948	<.0001	.009	0.046	0.015

Abbreviations: Pre, premenopausal women; Post, postmenopausal women; n/a, not available; SAT, sc adipose tissue; BL, baseline. Menopausal status was self-reported at enrollment.

^aFor computed tomography measures (VAT and SAT), n = 42 postmenopausal women, 0 premenopausal women, and 55 men.