Table 1.

Questions for evaluating randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

I. Evaluation of RCT validity

Was treatment randomly administered to patients?

Was a comprehensive and evolutionary control conducted?

Was analysis done on all patients participating in the RCT?

Was a blinding procedure maintained for the administered treatment?

Were the study groups similar?

II. Evaluation of RCT results

What was the scope of the treatment’s effect?

How accurately was the treatment’s effect measured?

III. Applicability of results

Can these results be applied when treating my patients?

Were all outcome variables found to be clinically important?

Were benefits higher than undesirable effects?