Table 2.
Summary of the methodological developments on piscine models.
| Experimental model | Contaminants tested | Cell type/tissue | Agarose (%) | Lysis buffer composition | Lysis conditions | Denaturation conditions | Electroforesis conditions | References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | Temp (°C) | Duration (h) | pH | Duration | Voltage | Duration | ||||||
| Ameiurus nebulosus and Cyprinus carpio | Environmental exposure to PAHs and PCBs; Lab exposure to cyclophosphamide |
Blood | 0.5 | 2.5 M NaCI, 100 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris, 10% DMSO, 1% Na sarcosinate | 10 | RT | 2 | nm | 15 min | 25 V (265–270 mA) | 20 min (3°C; dark) | Pandrangi et al., 1995 |
| Psetta maximus | Ethyl methane- sulphonate (EMS) | Blood, gill, liver and kidney | 0.8 | 2.5 M NaCl, 100 mM Na EDTA, 10 mM Tris, 1% N-lauroylsarcosine, 1% Triton-X 100, 10% DMSO |
nm | nm | 1–2 | >13 | 20–40 min | 0.4–0.7 V/cm (300 mA) | 10–20 min | Belpaeme et al., 1998 |
| Oncorhyncus mykiss, Ictalurus punctatus | Aflatoxin B1 | Blood, liver, kidney | 0.75 | 2.5 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris-base, 0.1% sodium sarcosinate | 10 | RT | 2 | >13 | 15 min | 20 V (300 mA) | 25 min | Abd-Allah et al., 1999 |
| Pholis gunnellus | Environmental exposure to PAHs and metals | Blood | 1.0 | 2.5 M NaCl, 100 mM Na EDTA, 10 mM Tris, 1% Triton-X 100, 10% DMSO |
10 | 4 | 1 | 12.3 | 30 min | 25 V (300 mA) | 15 min | Bombail et al., 2001 |
| Limanda limanda | Environmental exposure to PAHs and PCBs | Blood | 0.5 | NaCl 2.5M, Na2 EDTA 0.1M, Tris base 0.01M, N-sarcosinate 1%, DMSO 10%, Triton X-100 1% | 10 | RT | 1 | 13 | 15 min | 23 V (390 mA) | 20 min | Akcha et al., 2003 |
| Oreochromis niloticus | Benzocaine | Blood | 0.5 | 2.5M NaCl2, 100 mM Na2EDTA, 10 mM Tris, 1% sodium sarcosinate, 1% Triton X-100, 10% DMSO |
10 | 4 | 1 | >13 | 5–40 min | 0.66 V/cm | 5–40 min | de Miranda Cabral Gontijo et al., 2003 |
| Danio rerio | 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide | Hepatocytes and gill cells | 0.7 | 2.5M NaCl, 10 mM Tris, 100 mM EDTA, 1% Na-sarcosinate, 10% DMSO, 1% Triton X-100 |
10 | nm | nm | nm | 20 min | 25 V (300 mA) | 20 min | Diekmann et al., 2004b |
| Petromyzon marinus | Bisazir | Spermatozoa | nm | 2.5M NaCl, 100 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris base, 1% sodium lauryl sarcosinate, 1% Triton X-100, 1% DMSO |
nm | 4 | 1 | >13 | 1 h | 25 V (300 mM) | 30 min | Ciereszko et al., 2005 |
| Geophagus brasiliensis, Cichla temensis, Hoplias malabaricus, Astyanax bimaculatus lacustres, Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio, Steindachnerina insculpita | Eutrophication | Blood | nm | NaCl 2.5 M; EDTA 100 mM; Tris 10 mM; N-laurolyl-sarcosine 1%; Triton-X 1%; DMSOn 10% |
10 | 4 | 30 min | 13 | 30 min | 25 V (350 mM) | 30 min (4°C; dark) | Grisólia et al., 2009 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss | Cryopreservation | Spermatozoa | nm | 2.5 M NaCl, 100 mM Na2EDTA, 10 mM Tris, 1% Triton-X, 1% lauroyl sarcosine sodium salt, 4 mM lithium diiodosalicylate | 8 | 4 | 1 | 12 | 20 min | 25 V (300 mM) | 10 min | Pérez-Cerezales et al., 2010 |
| Oncorhynchus mykiss, Danio rerio | Trenbolone | Cell lines | 0.7 | 100 mM EDTA, 2.5 M NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 10% DMSO | 13 | 4 | 1.5 | nm | nm | 25 V (310 mM) | nm | Boettcher et al., 2011 |
| Anguilla anguilla | Glyphosate-based herbicide | Blood and liver | 1.0 | 2.5 M NaCl, 0.1 M EDTA, 10 mM Tris, 1% Triton X-100 | 10 | 4 | 1 | >13 | 20 min | 25 V (300 mM) | 15 min | Guilherme et al., 2012b |
| Ictalurus punctatus | Water and sediment from gypsum mining area | Ovary cell line | nm | 2.5 M NaCl, 100 mM Na2EDTA, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1% Na-sarcosinate, 1% Triton X-100, 10% DMSO | 10 | nm | nm | 13 | 20 min | 1 V/cm (300 mA) | 20 min | Ternjej et al., 2013 |
| Catla catla, Labeo rohita | Silver nanoparticles | Heart and gill cell lines | 0.9 | 2.5 M NaCl, 100 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris–HCl, 10% DMSO, 1% Triton X-100 | 10 | 4 | 1 | >13 | 20 min | 25 V (300 mM) | 20 min | Taju et al., 2014 |
nm, not mentioned; RT, room temperature.