Table 2.
General characteristics of included studies.
| Study Name | Size | Format | Targeted or Universal | Therapeutic Approach | Specific CBT Program Name | Number of Sessions | Manualised | Parent Component | Delivered by | Inclusion Criteria for Targeted Populations | Depression Outcome Measure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnarson 2009 [20] | 171 | Group | Targeted | CBT & IPT | Unspecified | 14 | Yes | No | Mental Health clinician | 75th–90th percentile on CDI or >75th percentile on negative composite of the CASQ | CDI | |
| Balle 2009 [21] | 145 | Group | Targeted | CBT | FRIENDS | 6 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinicians | High anxiety sensitivity | CDI | |
| Berry 2009 [22] | 54 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Confident Kids | 8 | Yes | Yes | Student mental health clinicians | Anxiety symptoms | CES-D | |
| Barnet 2007 [23] | 84 | Group | Targeted | Other | 36 | Yes | Yes | Non mental health personnel | Pregnant adolescents | CES-D | ||
| Bond 2004 [24] | 2678 | Group | Universal | Other | 20 | Yes | No | School teachers | NA | CIS-R | ||
| Cabiya 2008 [25] | 278 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Unspecified | 12 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinicians | Disruptive behaviour disorders | CDI | |
| Calear 2009 [26] | 1384 | Individual | Universal | CBT-online | MoodGYM | 5 | Yes | No | Internet-based | NA | CES-D | |
| Cardemil 2002 [27] | Trial 1: 49; Trial 2: 103 | Group | Universal | CBT | PRP | 12 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinicians | NA | CDI | |
| Chaplin 2006 [28] | 234 | Group | Universal | CBT | PRP | 12 | Yes | No | Both mental and non mental health personnel | NA | CDI | |
| Clarke 1993 [29] | 622 | Group | Universal | CBT | 3 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel | NA | CES-D | ||
| Clarke 1995 [30] | 125 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Coping with Stress | 15 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | CES-D score of >=24 | CES-D | |
| Clarke 2001 [31] | 94 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Coping with Stress | 15 | Yes | Yes | Mental health clinician | CES-D score of ≥ 24 & parent with previous or current depressive episode | CES-D | |
| Garber 2009 [32] | 316 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Coping with Stress | 14 | Unclear | Yes | Mental health clinician | CES-D score of ≥ 20 & parent with previous or current depressive episode | CES-D | |
| Gillham 1995 [33] | 143 | Group | Targeted | CBT | PRP | 12 | Unclear | Yes. In the child-parent group only. | Student mental health clinicians | Children with summed z scores of ≤ 0.50 on CDI & CPQ | CDI | |
| Gillham & Reivich 2006 [34] | 44 | Group | Targeted | CBT | PRP | 8 | Yes | Yes | Mental health clinician | High levels of depression and anxiety | CDI | |
| Gillham & Hamilton 2006 [35] | 271 | Group | Targeted | CBT | PRP | 12 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | CDI scores ≥ 7 for girls and ≥ 9 for boys | CDI | |
| Gillham 2007 [36] | 697 | Group | Universal | CBT | PRP | 12 | Yes | No | Mental and non mental health personnel and students | NA | CDI | |
| Hains 1990 [37] | 24 | Group | Universal | CBT | Stress Inoculation | 5 | Unclear | No | Mental health clinician | NA | BDI | |
| Hains 1992 [38] | 25 | Group (plus 1 individual session) | Universal | CBT | Stress Inoculation | 4 | Unclear | No | Mental health clinician | NA | RADS | |
| Horowitz a 2007 [39] | 112 | Group | Universal | CBT | Coping with Stress | 8 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinicians | NA | CES-D | |
| Horowitz b 2007 [39] | 99 | Group | Universal | IPT | IPT-AST | 8 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinicians | NA | CES-D | |
| Hyun 2005 [40] | 32 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Unspecified | 8 | Unclear | No | Mental health clinician | Runaway youth | BDI | |
| Kraag 2009 [41] |
1437 | Group | Universal | CBT | Learn Young, Learn Fair | 13 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel | NA | SDIC | |
| Lock 2003 [42] | 977 | Group | Universal | CBT | FRIENDS | 10 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinicians | NA | CDI | |
| Lowry-Webster 2001 [43] | 594 | Group | Universal | CBT | FRIENDS | 10 | Yes | Yes | Non mental health personnel | NA | CDI | |
| Pössel 2004 [44] | 342 | Group | Universal | CBT | LISA-T | 10 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | NA | CES-D | |
| Pössel 2008 [45] | 301 | Group | Universal | CBT | LISA-T | 10 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel with student mental health professionals | NA | SBB-DES | |
| Puskar 2003 [46] | 89 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Teaching Kids to Cope | 10 | Unclear | No | Mental health clinician | RADS score ≥ 60 | RADS | |
| Quayle 2001 [47] | 47 | Group | Universal | CBT | PRP | 8 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinician | NA | CDI | |
| Rivet-Duval 2010 [48] | 160 | Group | Universal | CBT & IPT | RAP | 11 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel | NA | RADS | |
| Roberts 2003 [49] | 189 | Group | Targeted | CBT | PRP | 12 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | Elevated scores on the CDI | CDI | |
| Roberts 2010 [50] | 496 | Group | Universal | CBT | Aussie Optimism Program | 10 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel | NA | CDI | |
| Rooney 2006 [51] | 136 | Group | Universal | CBT | Positive Thinking Program | 8 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | NA | CDI | |
| Sawyer 2010 [52] | 5634 | Group | Universal | CBT | beyondblue Schools Research Initiative | 30 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel | NA | CES-D | |
| Seligman 1999 [53] | 231 | Group | Targeted | CBT | Unspecified | 8 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | Scored in the pessimistic quarter of the ASQ | BDI | |
| Seligman 2007 [54] | 227 | Group | Targeted | CBT-partly online | Unspecified | 8 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | BDI score of 9–24 | BDI | |
| Shatte 1997 [55] | 152 | Group | Universal | CBT | PRP | 12 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel with student mental health professionals | NA | CDI | |
| Sheffield 2006 [56] | 2606 | Group | Universal and targeted | CBT | Problem Solving for Life | 8 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel for Universal; Mental health clinician for targeted | Score in the top 20% on the combined scores on the CDI & CES-D. | CDI | |
| Spence 2003 [57] | 1234 | Group | Universal | CBT | Problem Solving for Life | 8 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel | NA | BDI | |
| Stice a 2007 [58] | 50 | Group (CBT) | Targeted | CBT | Blues Program | 4 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinician | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | BDI | |
| Stice b 2007 [58] | 19 | Group (Supportive expressive) | Targeted | Other | 4 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinician | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | BDI | ||
| Stice c 2007 [58] | 28 | Individual (Bibliotherapy) | Targeted | Other | Not specified | Yes | No | Self-led | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | BDI | ||
| Stice d 2007 [58] | 27 | Individual (Expressive writing) | Targeted | Other | 4 | Yes | No | Self-led | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | BDI | ||
| Stice e 2007 [58] | 34 | Individual (Journaling) | Targeted | Other | Not specified | Yes | No | Self-led | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | BDI | ||
| Stice a 2008 [59] | 89 | Group (CBT) | Targeted | CBT | Blues Program | 6 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinician | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | CES-D | |
| Stice b 2008 [59] | 88 | Group (Supportive Expressive) | Targeted | Other | 6 | Yes | No | Student mental health clinician | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | CES-D | ||
| Stice c 2008 [59] | 80 | Individual (Bibliotherapy) | Targeted | Other | Not specified | Yes | No | Self-led | CES-D score of ≥ 20 | CES-D | ||
| Yu 2002 [60] | 270 | Group | Targeted | CBT | PRP | 10 | Yes | No | Non mental health personnel | Elevated scores on the CDI and the Cohesion and Conflict subscales of the Family Environment scale | CDI | |
| Young 2006 [61] | 41 | Group | Targeted | IPT | 10 | Yes | No | Mental health clinician | CES-D score of 16–39 | CES-D | ||
ASQ: Attributional Style Questionnaire; CDI: Children’s depression Inventory; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; CASQ: Childrens Attributional Style Questionnaire; CBCL-YSR: Child Behaviour Checklist-Youth Self Report; CES-D: Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CIS-R: Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised; CPQ: child perception questionnaire (measures child’s perception of parental conflict); DSRS: Depression Self-Rating Scale RADS-2: Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale; RCADS: Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale; SBS-DES: Self-Report Questionnaire-Depression; SDIC: Short Depression Inventory for Children.