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. 2015 Apr 30;12(5):4758–4795. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120504758

Table 8.

Summary of meta-analysis results for approach to prevention programs analysed by the outcome measurement tool used.

Tool Post Intervention 3–9 Month Follow-up 12-Month Follow-up
Depression Symptoms (SMD) Depression Symptoms (SMD) Depression Symptoms (SMD)
CDI/BDI 24 studies;
30 intervention arm;
N = 5686
SMD −0.06 [−0.26, 0.13]
I2 = 90%		 17 studies;
22 intervention arm;
N = 4085
SMD −0.05 [−0.29, 0.19]I2 = 91%		 12 studies;
17 intervention arm;
N = 3770
SMD −0.10 [−0.18, -0.03]
I2 = 4%
CES-D 9 studies;
10 intervention arms;
N = 2022
SMD −0.24 [−0.35, −0.13]
I2 = 17%		 7 studies;
8 intervention arms;
N = 1832
SMD −0.18 [−0.29, −0.06]
I2 = 23%		 2 studies;
2 intervention arm;
N = 196
SMD −0.25 [−0.77, 0.27]
RADS 3 studies;
3 intervention arms;
N = 213SMD −0.42 [−0.69, −0.14]I2 = 0%		 2 studies;
2 intervention arms;
N = 192SMD −0.24 [−0.69, 0.22]		 1 study;
1 intervention arms;
N = 70
SMD −0.30 [−0.77, 0.17]
Other 3 studies;
3 intervention arms;
N = 1344
SMD −0.00 [−0.11, 0.11]		 1 study;
1 intervention arm;
N = 242
SMD −0.02 [−0.27, 0.24]		 1 study;
1 intervention arm;
N = 1011
SMD −0.02 [−0.15, 0.10]
Subgroup differences χ2 = 14.45, p = 0.002 χ2 = 2.11, p = 0.55 χ2 = 2.46, p = 0.48

RD: Risk Difference; SMD: Standardised Mean Difference; Bold font indicates significant results.