Table 3.
Characteristics of outlets with antimalarials in stock on the day of visit
| Type of outlets | Median number of staff [IQR] | At least one member of staff with health-related qualification* (95% CI) | At least one ACA in stock (95% CI) | At least one ACT in stock (95% CI) | At least one WHO prequalified ACA in stock (95% CI) | At least one artemisinin monotherapy in stock (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacies | ||||||
| Urban | 4 [3, 6] | 97.5 (91.3–99.3) | 95.8 (90.9–98.1) | 95.8 (90.9–98.1) | 71.1 (62.3–78.5) | 40.2 (29.3–52.2) |
| Rural | 4 [4, 4] | 100 | 100 | 100 | 70.1 (32.7–91.9) | 50.3 (14.6–85.6) |
| Total | 4 [3, 6] | 97.6 (92.3–99.3) | 96.0 (91.3–98.2) | 96.0 (91.3–98.2) | 71.0 (62.5–78.2) | 40.6 (30.0–52.2) |
| Drug stores (DLDBs/ADDOs) | ||||||
| Urban | 2 [1, 2] | 96.6 (88.5–99.0) | 26.2 (16.4–39.2) | 26.2 (16.4–39.2) | 13.8 (8.2–22.2) | 0 |
| Rural | 1 [1, 2] | 84.9 (77.5–90.1) | 23.8 (12.5–40.7) | 23.8 (12.5–40.7) | 11.1 (7.5–16.1) | 0 |
| Total | 2 [1, 2] | 88.4 (82.9–92.3) | 24.5 (15.7–36.3) | 24.5 (15.7–36.3) | 11.9 (8.7–16.1) | 0 |
| General retailers | ||||||
| Urban | 2 [2, 2] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rural | 1 [1, 2] | 7.1 (2.7–17.0) | 4.6 (2.1–9.8) | 4.6 (2.1–9.8) | 4.6 (2.1–9.8) | 0 |
| Total | 1 [1, 2] | 7.0 (2.7–16.8) | 4.6 (2.1–9.8) | 4.6 (2.1–9.8) | 4.6 (2.1–9.8) | 0 |
| Urban total | 2 [1, 2] | 96.0 (89.8–98.5) | 35.6 (25.4–47.5) | 35.6 (25.4–47.5) | 21.6 (15.8–28.7) | 5.6 (3.2–9.7) |
| Rural total | 1 [1, 2] | 57.2 (43.2–70.1) | 17.1 (9.0–30.1) | 17.1 (9.0–30.1) | 8.9 (6.2–12.6) | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) |
| Total | 1 [1, 2] | 66.6 (55.1–76.5) | 21.6 (15.0–30.0) | 21.6 (15.0–30.0) | 12.0 (9.3–15.3) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) |
ACA = artemisinin-containing antimalarial; ACT = artemisinin-based combination therapy; ADDOs = accredited drug dispensing outlets; CI = confidence interval; DLDBs = duka la dawa baridi; WHO = World Health Organization.
*
A health-related qualification is defined as pharmacy-, nurse-, or medical-doctor-related training. Pharmacy-related training includes studying to a certificate or diploma level. Nurse-related training includes studying nursing to a certificate level (nurse aid) and diploma level. Medical doctor training includes clinical officers who studied medicine to a diploma level and fully qualified physicians.