Figure 3. Major discriminating compounds responsible for the PCA separation (Fig. 2) of the S. coelicolor and A. niger monocultures from their co-culture.

S. coelicolor monoculture: undecylprodigiosin and actinorhodin; A. niger monoculture: carbonarones A, aurasperone B, fumonisin B2 and fumonisin B4; Co-culture: cyclo(Phe-Phe), cyclo(Phe-Tyr), phenylacetic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and furan-2-carboxylic acid. The shown theoretical exact mass of each compound was calculated with ChemDraw Ultra 12.0 software. The structure elucidation was done on the basis of NMR and/or experimental UHPLC-TOF-MS high resolution mass, and the spectral data assignments were summarized in Table 1.