Hammam 2000_b.

Study characteristics
Patient sampling	Cross‐sectional design; multi‐stage stratified cluster sample
Patient characteristics and setting	Species: S. haematobium Country: Egypt Sample size: 12,327 Age range: 0 to > 55years Participants: residents from villages and households in Qena Governorate Setting: field study Praziquantel status before study: not reported
Index tests	RS‐Microhaematuria, RS‐Proteinuria (Combur‐Test, Boehringer, Mannheim, Germany)
Target condition and reference standard(s)	S. haematobium measured by urine microscopy (filtration method)
Flow and timing
Comparative
Notes
Methodological quality
Item	Authors' judgement	Risk of bias	Applicability concerns
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled?	No
Was a case‐control design avoided?	Yes
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?	Yes
		Unclear	Low
DOMAIN 2: Index Test RS‐Microhaematuria
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?	Unclear
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified?	Unclear
Was quality control done?	Unclear
		Unclear	Low
DOMAIN 2: Index Test RS‐Proteinuria
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?	Unclear
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified?	Unclear
Was quality control done?	Unclear
		Unclear	Low
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition?	Unclear
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests?	Unclear
Was quality control done?	Unclear
		Unclear	Low
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard?	Unclear
Did all patients receive the same reference standard?	Yes
Were all patients included in the analysis?	Yes
		Low