King 1988_a.
Study characteristics | |||
Patient sampling | Cross‐sectional design; unclear sampling | ||
Patient characteristics and setting | Species: S. haematobium Country: Kenya Sample size: 2628 Age range: 4 to 21 years Participants: students registered at 5 local primary and secondary schools Setting: field study Praziquantel status before study: before and after study; follow‐up evaluation 1 year after PZQ and metrifonate given |
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Index tests | RS‐Microhaematuria, RS‐Proteinuria (Chemstrip 5 Indicator Dipsticks, Roche Diagnostics, Montreal, Quebec Canada) | ||
Target condition and reference standard(s) | S. haematobium measured by urine microscopy (filtration method) | ||
Flow and timing | |||
Comparative | |||
Notes | |||
Methodological quality | |||
Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Unclear | ||
Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | Yes | ||
Unclear | Low | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test RS‐Microhaematuria | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Unclear | ||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Unclear | ||
Was quality control done? | Unclear | ||
Unclear | Low | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test RS‐Proteinuria | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Unclear | ||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Unclear | ||
Was quality control done? | Unclear | ||
Unclear | Low | ||
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | No | ||
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Unclear | ||
Was quality control done? | Unclear | ||
High | Low | ||
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Yes | ||
Did all patients receive the same reference standard? | Yes | ||
Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
Low |