Ndlovu 1996.

Study characteristics
Patient sampling	Nested case‐control design; unclear sampling
Patient characteristics and setting	Species: S. haematobium Country: Zimbabawe Sample size: 179 Age range: > 5 years Participants: egg‐positives and egg‐negatives, resulting in 96 cases and 83 controls from same population Setting: field study Praziquantel status before study: not reported
Index tests	CAA ELISA Serum (in‐house assay)
Target condition and reference standard(s)	S. haematobium infection measured by urine microscopy (filtration method)
Flow and timing
Comparative
Notes
Methodological quality
Item	Authors' judgement	Risk of bias	Applicability concerns
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled?	Unclear
Was a case‐control design avoided?	No
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?	Unclear
		Unclear	Unclear
DOMAIN 2: Index Test CAA ELISA
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?	Unclear
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified?	No
Was quality control done?	Unclear
		Unclear	Low
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition?	Yes
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests?	Unclear
Was quality control done?	Unclear
		Unclear	Low
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard?	Unclear
Did all patients receive the same reference standard?	Unclear
Were all patients included in the analysis?	Unclear
		Unclear