Table 5.
Impact of intellectual quotient (IQ), gender, and age on functional outcomes in Down syndrome participants.
| Down syndrome | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intelligence Quotient (<40 vs. ≥ 40) | Gender (female vs. male) | Age | |||||||
| Estimatea | 95% CIb | p-values | Estimatec | 95% CI | p-values | Estimated | 95% CI | p-values | |
| ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR | |||||||||
| ABAS-Communication | −8.7 | [−13.9; −3.6] | 0.001** | 4.2 | [−1.0; 9.4] | 0.11 | 0.1 | [−0.7; 0.8] | 0.82 |
| ABAS-community use | −9.7 | [−15.0; −4.4] | <0.001*** | 2.8 | [−2.5; 8.1] | 0.29 | 0.5 | [−1.1; 1.1] | 0.13 |
| ABAS-functional academics | −13.3 | [−20.4; −6.3] | <0.001*** | 9.0 | [1.9; 16.1] | 0.01* | 0.1 | [−0.1; 1.0] | 0.77 |
| ABAS-home living | −5.6 | [−10.6; −0.6] | 0.02* | 4.2 | [−0.8; 9.3] | 0.09 | 0.4 | [−0.2; 1.0] | 0.17 |
| ABAS-health and safety | −5.8 | [−9.7; −1.8] | 0.005** | 0.5 | [−3.5; 4.5] | 0.81 | 0.2 | [−0.3; 0.7] | 0.42 |
| ABAS-leisure | −2.5 | [−7.6; 2.5] | 0.32 | 1.2 | [−3.8; 6.3] | 0.62 | −0.2 | [−0.8; 0.4] | 0.50 |
| ABAS-self-care | −1.5 | [−5.1; 2.2] | 0.42 | 2.4 | [−1.3; 6.0] | 0.20 | 0.03 | [−0.4; 0.5] | 0.85 |
| ABAS-self-direction | −8.7 | [−14.8; −2.5] | 0.006** | 4. 9 | [−1.2; 11.0] | 0.11 | 0.2 | [−0.6; 0.9] | 0.64 |
| ABAS-social skills | −7.6 | [−12.4; −2.8] | 0.002** | 1.8 | [−2.9; 6.6] | 0.44 | −0.5 | [−1.0; 0.1] | 0.09 |
| ABAS-work | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| ABAS-total score | −63.4 | [−100.4; −26.4] | 0.001** | 31.1 | [−6.1; 68.3] | 0.10 | 0.8 | [−3.6; 5.2] | 0.71 |
| QUALITY OF LIFE | |||||||||
| Kidscreen 27-physical | 0.6 | [−1.1; −2.2] | 0.49 | −1.7 | [−3.3; −0.05] | 0.04* | −0.2 | [−0.4; 0.03] | 0.09 |
| Kidscreen 27-psychological | 0.5 | [−1.2; −2.3] | 0.53 | 0.2 | [−1.5; 1.9] | 0.82 | −0.2 | [−0.4; −0.01] | 0.03* |
| Kidscreen 27-autonomy and parents | 0.1 | [−1.1; 1.4] | 0.80 | 1 | [−0.3; 2.3] | 0.11 | −0.05 | [−0.2; 0.1] | 0.46 |
| Kidscreen 27-peers and social | 0.5 | [−1.4; 2.4] | 0.60 | 0.9 | [−1.0; 2.8] | 0.35 | −0.05 | [−0.3; 0.2] | 0.66 |
| Kidscreen 27-school | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Kidscreen 27-total score | 2.8 | [−3.9; 9.6] | 0.39 | −1.0 | [−7.6; 5.6] | 0.75 | −0.9 | [−1.7; 0.1] | 0.03* |
a
Estimated mean difference between persons with DS with IQ < 40 and persons with DS with IQ ≥ 40 adjusted for gender and age.
b
Confidence Interval.
c
Estimated mean differences between female and male persons with DS adjusted for IQ and age.
d
Estimated mean differences associated to one year of age difference in persons with DS adjusted for IQ and gender.
*
Significant estimated effects of the variable of interest (p < 0.05).
**
Significant estimated effects of the variable of interest (p < 0.01).
***
Significant estimated effects of the variable of interest (p < 0.001).