Table 2.
Incorporation of Key Elements of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) and Change in A1C Between Intervention and Control Groups.
| Author, Year | Elements of Structured SMBG Incorporated10,11,a | Baseline A1C % | Intervention Effect (IE), Significance of Difference in A1C Between Groups (I, C)b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faridi et al, 2008 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 6.4 | No IE |
| X | C: 6.5 | ||||||||
| Bujnowska-Fedak et al, 2011 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 7.63 | No IE |
| X | X | C: 7.61 | |||||||
| Lim et al, 2011 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | U:7.86 | No IE |
| X | X | X | I: 7.96 | ||||||
| C:7.96 | |||||||||
| Rodríguez-Idígoras et al, 2009 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 7.62 | No IE |
| X | X | X | C: 7.44 | ||||||
| Wakefield et al, 2011 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | High I: 7.1 | IE: −0.37 High-I |
| X | X | X | Low I: 7.2 | IE: −0.33 Low-I | |||||
| C: 7.2 | No IE at 12 months | ||||||||
| Carter et al, 2011 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 9.0 | IE: −1.28% |
| X | X | X | X | C: 8.8 | |||||
| Cho et al, 2009 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 8.3 | No IE |
| X | X | X | X | C: 7.6 | |||||
| Del Prato et al, 2012 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 8.83 | No IE |
| X | X | X | X | C: 8.89 | |||||
| Kim et al, 2006 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 8.09 | IE: −1.22% |
| X | X | X | X | C: 7.59 | |||||
| McMahon et al, 2005 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 10.0 | IE: −0.4% |
| X | X | X | X | C: 9.9 | |||||
| Stone et al, 2010 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 9.6 | IE: −0.7% |
| X | X | X | X | X | C: 9.4 | ||||
| Tang et al, 2013 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 9.24% | IE: −0.66% at 6 months |
| X | X | X | X | X | C: 9.28% | No IE at 12 months | |||
| Shea et al, 2006, 2009 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 7.36 | IE: −0.18%b at 12 months |
| X | X | X | X | X | X | C: 7.40 | IE: −0.29%b at 5 years | ||
| Quinn et al, 2008 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 9.51 | IE: −1.38% |
| X | X | X | X | X | X | C: 9.05 | |||
| Quinn et al, 2011 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | I: 9.9% | IE: −1.2 % |
| X | X | X | X | X | X | C: 9.2% | |||
Abbreviations: C, control group; I, intervention group; IE = intervention effect—difference between intervention and control over time; m, months; Δ, change.
Elements of structured SMBG: (1) educational intervention described for person with diabetes; (2) educational intervention described for health care providers; (3) use of specific structured SMBG profiles identified and individualized; (4) SMBG goals identified for pre- and postmeal; (5) SMBG data used to modify behavior or treatment; (6) evidence of feedback to the patient including documentation of communication methods; (7) evidence of an interactive, 2-way communication or shared decision strategies between patient and provider.
Adjusted difference as reported by authors.
Boldface type is used in the table to highlight the elements of structured SMBG.