Table 2.
Effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate; NO), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α levels in rat kidney homogenate exposed to methotrexate (MTX).
| Control | TQ | MTX | MTX/TQ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSH (μmol/g tissue) | 12.9 ± 2.4 | 11.2 ± 3.3 | 5.1 ± 2.3a | 9.5 ± 4.3b,c |
| Catalase (U/g tissue) | 9.4 ± 0.9 | 9.9 ± 0.9 | 6.1 ± 0.9a | 7.8 ± 0.5b |
| MDA (nmol/g tissue) | 17.8 ± 8.4 | 21.3 ± 5.2 | 42.9 ± 11.4a | 25.1 ± 6.3b,c |
| NO (nmol/0.1 g tissue) | 85.4 ± 12.4 | 78.3 ± 14.6 | 156.8 ± 13.6a | 100.1 ± 18.3b,c |
| TNF-α (ng/g tissue) | 99.3 ± 16.1 | 103.8 ± 11.3 | 170.4 ± 14.6a | 125.5 ± 12.8b |
Values are represented as means ± SEM of 8–11 observations. aSignificant difference compared to control, bsignificant difference compared to MTX, and cno significant difference compared to control. Significant difference is reported when p < 0.05.