Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for environmental indicators, general health and area characteristics, for English Lower-layer Super Output Areas included in analyses (2011, n = 31,672)
| Variable | Mean | SD e | IQR e | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landcover types (% LSOA area coverage) a | |||||
| Broadleaf woodland | 4.37 | - | 5.81 | 0.00 | 88.94 |
| Coniferous woodland | 0.56 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 63.97 |
| Arable/horticultural | 13.59 | - | 19.93 | 0.00 | 95.53 |
| Improved grassland | 15.98 | - | 22.28 | 0.00 | 85.79 |
| Semi-natural grassland | 2.41 | - | 3.02 | 0.00 | 69.02 |
| Mountain, heath & bog | 0.67 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 72.65 |
| Saltwater | 0.03 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 38.49 |
| Freshwater | 0.49 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 77.65 |
| Coastal | 0.31 | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 91.59 |
| Urban/suburban | 61.59 | - | 61.68 | 0.11 | 100.00 |
| Environmental quality indicators | |||||
| Landcover Shannon Diversity Index (2007)b | 0.93 | 0.44 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 2.37 |
| Bird species richness 2008 (number of species) | 87.77 | 10.79 | 14 | 36 | 141 |
| Freshwater ecological quality indicator (2011)c | -0.10 | 0.39 | 0.43 | -1.97 | 0.99 |
| Protected/designated areas kernel density indicator (10 km search radius)d | 81.40 | - | 63.42 | 0.00 | 1220.50 |
| Protected/designated areas kernel density indicator (20 km search radius)d | 97.50 | - | 78.09 | 1.00 | 1007.71 |
| General health (census 2011) | |||||
| Prevalence good/very good health (Directly age/sex standardised %) | 80.84 | 5.72 | 8.29 | 59.42 | 94.61 |
| Prevalence bad/very bad health (Directly age/sex standardised %) | 5.79 | 2.81 | 3.80 | 0.74 | 18.75 |
| Area characteristics | |||||
| LSOA area (km2) | 4.04 | - | 1.03 | 0.02 | 683.78 |
| Urban | n = 26,186 | ||||
| Town/fringe | n = 2,986 | ||||
| Rural | n = 2,500 | ||||
aIn each case, descriptive data are presented for each land cover type across all 31,672 LSOAs e.g. mean broadleaf woodland coverage per LSOA is 4.37% by area.
b.A score of 0 on the Shannon Diversity Index indicates that an LSOA is 100% covered by a single land cover type; as the number of different land covers and their relative abundance increases within the LSOA, so does the Index (e.g. an LSOA 60% urban and 40% broadleaf has a higher index than one 90% urban, 10% broadleaf).
cThe freshwater quality indicator is interpolated from sample sites where overall ecological quality is scored from -2 (Bad) to 2 (High).
dThe protected/designated area density indicators are relative measures with no meaningful unit; derivation is described in the text.
eSD = Standard Deviation; IQR = Inter-Quartile Range. Where distribution is substantially asymmetric the SD is not stated.