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The influence of experimental reduction in processus length on male reproductive success in experiment 3. The male processus was shortened by 0.4 mm (n = 56) or 0.1 mm (n = 54), or manipulated but not cut (sham, n = 55). Following a single mating, three measures of reproductive success were recorded: (a) copulation duration, (b) insemination success (whether a mating resulted in offspring or not) and (c) fertilization success (the number of offspring produced).
