Table 3.
Magnesium has numerous functions in the body, for example, serving as a cofactor in enzymatic reactionsa. Reprinted from [8], with permission.
| Enzyme function |
| Enzyme substrate (ATP-Mg, GTP-Mg) |
| Kinases B |
| Hexokinase |
| Creatine kinase |
| Protein kinase |
| ATPases or GTPases |
| Na+ /K+-ATPase |
| Ca2+-ATPase |
| Cyclases |
| Adenylate cyclase |
| Guanylate cyclase |
| Direct enzyme activation |
| Phosphofructokinase |
| Creatine kinase |
| 5-Phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase |
| Adenylate cyclase |
| Na+/ K+-ATPase |
| Membrane function |
| Cell adhesion |
| Transmembrane electrolyte flux |
| Calcium antagonist |
| Muscle contraction/relaxation |
| Neurotransmitter release |
| Action potential conduction in nodal tissue |
| Structural function |
| Proteins |
| Polyribosomes |
| Nucleic acids |
| Multiple enzyme complexes |
| Mitochondria |
a
Magnesium is also necessary for structural function of proteins, nucleic acids or mitochondria. Moreover, it is a natural calcium antagonist [8]. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; K, potassium; Mg, magnesium; Na, sodium; Ca, calcium.