Table 4.
Summary of bivariate logistic analysis for determinants associated with pulmonary TB
| All cases vs healthy population
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (TB patients) |
Controls (population) |
COR (95% CI) |
AOR (95% CI) |
|
| Age, years | ||||
| 18–24 | 45 (20.6%) | 87 (19.9%) | 1 | |
| 25–44 | 124 (56.9%) | 295 (67.5%) | 0.813 (0.536, 1.233) | |
| ≥45 | 49 (225%) | 55 (12.6%) | 1.722 (1.017, 2.918)* | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 149 (68.3%) | 239 (54.7%) | 1.789 (1.271, 2518)** | |
| Female | 69 (31.7%) | 198 (45.2%) | 1 | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 57 (26.1%) | 87 (19.9%) | 1 | |
| Married | 135 (61.9%) | 306 (70.0%) | 0.673 (0.456, 0.995)* | |
| Divorced/widowed | 44 (10.1%) | 26 (11.9%) | 0.902 (0.501, 1.625) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox | 173 (79.4%) | 390 (89.2%) | 2.158 (1.381, 3.372)** | |
| Muslim | 45 (20.6%) | 47 (10.8%) | ||
| Educational status | ||||
| Illiterate | 105 (48.2) | 108 (50.7%) | 3.801 (2.481, 5.821)*** | |
| Primary | 6931.7%) | 157 (35.9%) | 1.718 (1.111, 2.656)* | |
| Secondary or above | 44 (20.2%) | 172 (39.4%) | 1 | |
| Monthly income | ||||
| Low | 26 (11.9%) | 14 (3.2%) | 6.220 (3.064, 12.627)*** | |
| Medium | 129 (59.2%) | 212 (48.5%) | 2.038 (1.427, 2.911)*** | |
| High | 63 (28.9%) | 211 (48.3%) | 1 | |
| Environmental characteristics | ||||
| Adults in the HH | ||||
| ≤2 adults per HH | 73 (33.5%) | 243 (55.6%) | ||
| >2 adults per HH | 145 (66.5%) | 194 (44.4%) | 2.488 (1.773, 3.491)*** | |
| Space per person | ||||
| ≤4 m2 living space per person | 139 (63.8%) | 167 (38.2%) | 5.798 (4.042, 8.315)*** | |
| >4 m2 living space per person | 79 (36.2%) | 270 (61.8%) | ||
| History of TB | ||||
| Yes | 168 (77.1%) | 66 (15.1%) | 1.673 (1.110, 2.521)* | |
| No | 168 (77.1%) | 371 (84.9%) | ||
| Type of kitchen | ||||
| Separated | 80 (36.7%) | 304 (69.6%) | ||
| Not separated | 54 (24.8%) | 36 (8.2%) | 5.700 (3.498, 9.289)*** | |
| No kitchen | 84 (38.5%) | 97 (22.2%) | 3.291 (2.246, 4.822)*** | |
| History of contact | ||||
| Yes | 56 (25.7%) | 171 (39.1%) | 1.673 (1.110, 2.521) | |
| No | 162 (74.3%) | 266 (60.9%) | 1 | |
| Flooring | ||||
| Cement | 33 (15.1%) | 118 (27.0%) | ||
| Not cement | 185 (84.9%) | 319 (73%) | 0.482 (0.315, 0.739)** | |
| Ceiling | ||||
| Yes | 91 (417%) | 117 (26.8%) | 1 | |
| No | 127 (58.3%) | 320 (26.*%) | 1.960 (1.391, 2.760)*** | |
| Windows | ||||
| No window | 113 (51.8%) | 110 (25.2%) | 5.323 (3.144, 9.012)*** | |
| 1 window | 83 (38.1%) | 213 (48.7%) | 2.019 (1.198, 3.404)** | |
| >1 window | 22 (10.1%) | 114 (26.1%) | 1 | |
| Latrine | ||||
| Yes | 89 (40.8%) | 413 (94.5%) | ||
| No | 129 (59.7%) | 24 (5.5%) | 24.942 (15.246, 40.805)** | |
| Artificial ventilation | ||||
| Yes | 118 (54.1%) | 284 (65%) | ||
| No | 100 (45.9%) | 153 (35%) | 1.573 (1.130, 2.190)** | |
| Behavior-related characteristics | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| No | 91 (41.7%) | 375 (85.8%) | 1 | |
| Past | 91 (41.7%) | 32 (7.3%) | 11.719 (7.373, 18.626)*** | |
| Yes | 36 (16.5%) | 30 (6.9%) | 4.945 (2.893, 8.451)*** | |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||
| Yes | 179 (82.1%) | 268 (61.3) | 1 | |
| No | 39 (17.9%) | 169 (38.7%) | 0.346 (0.232, 0.514)*** | |
| Meal frequency | ||||
| <3 times per day | 149 (68.3%) | 101 (23.1%) | 7.184 (5.003, 10316)* | |
| ≥3 times per day | 69 (31.7%) | 336 (76.9%) | ||
| Nutritional status | ||||
| Severe | 25 (11.5%) | 30 (6.9%) | 1.801 (1.014, 3.197)* | |
| Moderate | 75 (34.4%) | 152 (34.8%) | 1.066 (0.750, 1.517) | |
| Normal | 118 (54.1%) | 255 (58.4%) | 1 | |
Notes:
*
P<0.05;
**
P<0.001;
***
P≤0.000.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; TB, tuberculosis; HH, household.