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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Jan;67(1):86–95. doi: 10.1002/art.38871

Figure 2. Chronic exposure to TNFα induces an “inflammatory memory” in RA FLS.

Figure 2

(A), RA FLS were cultured for 3 days in the presence or absence of TNFα (10 ng/ml), which was added on the first day of culture and was not replenished. Then inflammatory input was removed by washing cells, adding new medium and blocking any residual TNFα with infliximab (IFX, 10 μg/ml). Following a weaning period of 24 hours, cells were stimulated with IFNβ (1,000 U/ml) or IFNγ (100 U/ml) for 3 hours. (B), The expression of CXCL10/IP-10 mRNA was measured by qPCR. Values are the mean ±SEM and were normalized relative to mRNA for GAPDH. *= p<0.05 and **=p<0.01, by one-tailed paired Student t test.