Table 1.
Selected baseline characteristics of participants between AHA and fiber groups
| Variable | Overall | AHA (n=119) |
Fiber (n=121) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y)* | 52.2 (10.1) | 52.5 (9.9) | 52.0 (10.3) | |
| 20-40 | 27 (11.3%) | 12 (10.1%) | 15 (12.4%) | |
| 41-50 | 66 (27.5%) | 35 (29.4%) | 31 (25.6%) | |
| 51-60 | 95 (39.6%) | 46 (38.7%) | 49 (40.5%) | |
| 61-70 | 52 (21.7%) | 26 (21.9%) | 26 (21.5%) | |
|
| ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 67 (27.9%) | 34 (28.6%) | 33 (27.3%) | |
| Female | 173 (72.1%) | 85 (71.4%) | 88 (72.7%) | |
|
| ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 208 (87.4%) | 106 (89.8%) | 102 (85%) | |
| Other | 30 (12.6%) | 12 (10.2%) | 18 (15%) | |
|
| ||||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 162 (68.1%) | 83 (70.3%) | 79 (65.8%) | |
| Not Married | 78 (31.9%) | 35 (29.7%) | 41 (40%) | |
|
| ||||
| Education | ||||
| High school or less | 33 (13.9%) | 13 (11.1%) | 20 (16.7%) | |
| College | 86 (36.3%) | 38 (32.5%) | 48 (40%) | |
| Post College | 118 (49.8%) | 66 (56.4%) | 52 (43.3%) | |
|
| ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) * | 35.0 (2.9) | 34.9 (3.1) | 35.0 (2.8) | |
| 30-35 | 118 (49.2%) | 61 (51.3%) | 57 (47.1%) | |
| 35.1-40 | 122 (50.8%) | 58 (48.7%) | 64 (52.9%) | |
|
| ||||
| Working Status | ||||
| Employed | 186 (78.5%) | 93 (78.8%) | 93 (78.2%) | |
| Unemployed | 51 (21.5%) | 25 (21.2%) | 26 (21.9%) | |
|
| ||||
| Income | $0-$30,000 | 24 (10%) | 12 (10.1%) | 12 (9.9%) |
| $30,000-$50,000 | 43 (17.9%) | 19 (16%) | 224 (19.8%) | |
| $50,000-$75,000 | 40 (16.7%) | 20 (16.8%) | 20 (16.5%) | |
| More than $75,000 | 79 (32.9%) | 43 (36.1%) | 36 (29.8%) | |
| Unclear | 54 (22.5%) | 25 (21%) | 29 (24%) | |
|
| ||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg)* | 135.9 (9.8) | 135.2 (10.6) | 136.6 (9.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)* | 80.4 (8.8) | 80.0 (8.6) | 80.8 (8.9) | |
|
| ||||
| HDL (mg/dL) * | 47.7 (10.0) | 46.5 (8.9) | 48.9 (10.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) † | 135.5 (90.5) | 139.0 (86.0) | 125.0 (90.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) † | 98.0 (15.0) | 96.0 (17.0) | 99.0 (13.0) | |
|
| ||||
| HbAlc (%)* | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Insulin (uIU/mL) † | 11.0 (12.0) | 11.0 (11.0) | 11.5 (11.0) | |
|
| ||||
| HOMA-IR† | 2.8 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.3) | 2.8 (2.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Dietary intake* | ||||
|
| ||||
| Dietary quality score (AHEI) | 36.9 (10.9) | 37.2 (11.1) | 36.6 (10.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Energy, kcal/d | 1880.1 (641.5) | 1957.7 ( 708.5) |
1803.7 (560.5) | |
|
| ||||
| Energy from fat, % | 33.0 (5.8) | 33.1 (5.6) | 32.9 (6.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Energy from saturated fat, % | 11.5 (2.7) | 11.6 (2.8) | 11.4 (2.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Energy from carbohydrate, % | 47.2 (7.2) | 47.2 (7.4) | 47.3 (7.0) | |
|
| ||||
| Energy from protein, % | 17.4 (4.2) | 17.1 (4.1) | 17.8 (4.3) | |
|
| ||||
| Total fiber, g/d | 19.1 (6.9) | 19.5 (7.3) | 18.8 (6.5) | |
|
| ||||
|
Total physical
activity(min/week)* |
211.3 (107.1) | 217.2 (110.3) | 205.5 (104.1) | |
|
| ||||
|
Leisure-time physical
activity(min/week)* |
18.9 (25.2) | 18.9 (25.0) | 18.9 (25.6) | |
| Metabolic syndrome criteria | ||||
| Waist circumference: men>=40; women>=35 inches |
229 (95.4%) | 112 (94.1%) | 117 (96.7%) | |
| Fasting glucose >=100 mg/dL and <126mg/dL |
156 (65%) | 77 (64.7%) | 79 (65.35) | |
| Systolic blood pressure >=130 or diastolic blood pressure >=85 mmHg |
239 (100%) | 119 (100%) | 120 (100%) | |
| HDL: men<40 mg/dL; women: <50mg/dL |
138 (57.5%) | 70 (58.8%) | 68 (56.2%) | |
| Triglycerides >=150 mg/dL | 153 (63.8%) | 77 (64.7%) | 76 (62.8%) | |
| At least 3 yes above | 240 (100%) | 119 (100%) | 121 (100%) | |
Note. BMI=Body Mass Index; BP=Blood Pressure; HDL= High-density lipoprotein, HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; AHEI=Alternative Healthy Eating Index
*
Mean(SD)
†
Median(IQR)