Table 1.

Historic data on winter indoor air temperatures across two decades based on statistically representative national household surveys in the UK; Sources: [6,16,21,22]

Authors	Year	Number of houses, N	Space	Sample mean, μ	Standard deviation, Σ
Spot measurement method
Hunt and Gidman [21]	1978	901	Dwelling	15.8°C	2.9
			Living room	18.3°C	3.0
			Hall	15.6°C	3.2
			Kitchen	16.7°C	3.1
			Warmest bedroom	15.2°C	3.3
DETR [22]	1996	16,000–17,500	Living room	19.1°C	2.7
			Hall	17.9°C	3.4
			Circulation space	17.7°C	4.2
			Kitchen	18.1°C	3.0
Main bedroom	18.5°C	2.8
			Other bedroom	17.0°C	2.6
			Bathroom	15.0°C	5.0
Estimated thermost settings method
Shipworth et al. [16]	2007	358	Living room	21.3°C	2.0
			Hall	21.1°C	2.6
Occupant reported thermost settings method
Shipworth et al. [16]	2007	358	Living room	18.7°C	3.4
			Hall	19.1°C	3.0
Modelling method
Utley and Shorrock [6]	1978	19,650 × 103	Dwelling	13.6°C
	1996	23,492 × 103		16.1°C
	2006	25,285 × 103		17.8°C