Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the HF and Control Patients^*

Variable	HF Patients (N=24)	Control Patients (N=10)	P Value
Age, y	65.3±15.0	65.4±13.0	.79
Male sex,	20 (83)	6 (60)	.19
CAD	11 (46)	1 (10)	.06
Ischemic cardiomyopathy	10 (42)	0	.02
Hypertension	11 (46)	3 (30)	.46
Diabetes	9 (38)	1 (10)	.21
QRS duration, ms	172±24	103±23	<.001
LVEF, %	23.5±6.3	62.9±3.3	<.001
LVEDD, mm	66.6 ±9.9	48.6±2.7	<.001
ACEI/ARB	16 (67)	0	<.001
β-Blocker	18 (75)	5 (50)	.23
Digoxin	7 (29)	0	.08
Statin	14 (58)	0	.002

Abbreviations: ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

^*Values are number (percentage) or mean±standard error of the mean unless indicated otherwise.