Table 4.

Multilevel Model of Total Sleep Time and Wake After Sleep Onset Predicting Daytime Clinical Pain Severity

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3

Fixed effects	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)
Intercept	31.7(3.0)^***	20.7 (4.0)^***	33.1(2.7)^***
WASO	.02(.01)^***	.02 (.01)^***	.02(.01)^***
TST	−.005(.002)^**	−.005 (.002) ^**	−.004(.002)^*
TST × WASO	2.8E⁻⁵(1.4E⁻⁵)^*	2.8E⁻⁵(1.4E⁻⁵)^*	2.8E⁻⁵(1.4E⁻⁵)^*
Opioid nonuse^†	−20.9(4.2)^***	−20.5 (4.1)^***	−23.3(4.2) ^***
CESD	.55(.21)^**	.6(.2)^**
PCS	.23(.24)
Age	.06(.17)
Male^††	−4.6(4.7)
*Random Effects*
Intercept	247.1(46.5)^***	241.9 (44.4)^***	306.0(52.7) ^***
Deviance	27,048.6	27,052.3	30,144.3
AIC	27,054.6	27,058.3	30,150.3
BIC	27,072.9	27,076.7	30,169.0

Note: CESD = Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression (grand-mean centered), PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale (grand-mean centered); TST = Total Sleep Time (person-centered), TST*WASO = Total Sleep Time × Wake after Sleep Onset (person-centered), WASO = Wake after Sleep Onset (person-centered)

^†

Relative to opioid use.

^††

Relative to Females

p < 0.2.

p < 0.05.

^**

p < 0.01.

^***

p < 0.001