Table 1. Number of observations, cooking fuel and rainy season in final dataset, by country.
| Country, year of survey | Final dataset a | Clean fuel [%] | Kerosene [%] | Coal or charcoal [%] | Wood [%] | Lower-grade biomass [%] | 1st and 2nd rainy season [months] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benin, 2006 | 6954 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 17.5 | 79.1 | 0.0 | 5–6 | 9–12 |
| Burkina Faso, 2003 | 4445 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 94.7 | 0.1 | 6–10 | - |
| Cameroon, 2004 | 1732 | 9.2 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 81.8 | 0.0 | 4–6 | - |
| Ethiopia, 2005 | 2545 | 0.7 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 86.4 | 4.9 | 6–9 | 2–5 |
| Ghana, 2008 | 1597 | 7.0 | 0.3 | 28.7 | 63.7 | 0.3 | 4–9 | - |
| Guinea, 2005 | 1499 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 99.7 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 6–11 | - |
| Kenya, 2008–09 | 3312 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 21.0 | 68.1 | 1.3 | 4–6 | 10–11 |
| Madagascar, 2008–09 | 3080 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 23.2 | 74.4 | 2.0 | 11–4 | - |
| Mali, 2006–07 | 6208 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 85.2 | 2.2 | 6–11 | - |
| Malawi, 2010 | 3055 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 7.5 | 89.3 | 2.4 | 11–5 | - |
| Mozambique, 2003 | 4893 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 14.8 | 82.7 | 0.3 | 11–4 | - |
| Namibia, 2006–07 | 2413 | 28.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 70.7 | 0.4 | 12–3 | - |
| Niger, 2006–07 | 2004 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 94.9 | 1.6 | 6–10 | - |
| Senegal, 2005 | 1178 | 23.4 | 0.0 | 10.7 | 63.4 | 2.5 | 5–11 | - |
| Tanzania, 2010 | 4263 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 16.9 | 81.1 | 0.3 | 3–5 | 10–11 |
| Uganda, 2006–07 | 1354 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 13.3 | 86.3 | 0.2 | 9–11 | 3–5 |
| Zambia, 2007–08 | 3106 | 11.2 | 0.0 | 26.8 | 61.9 | 0.1 | 10–4 | - |
| Zimbabwe, 2005–06 | 2799 | 24.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 75.0 | 0.6 | 11–3 | - |
| Total | 56437 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 15.2 | 77.9 | 1.0 | - | - |
Please note that the South African DHS data from 2003 are not in the public domain and could therefore not be included in this analysis.
a Dataset without missing values in any explanatory variable of the final model (maternal smoking, time to nearest water source, shelter, and vaccination index, paternal and maternal education, child sex and age, birth order, stunting, geographic location).