Table 4. Multivariable logistic regression of factors associated with back pain prevalence, adults 50+ years, pooled, SAGE Wave 1 (N = 30,146).
| Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI a | |
|---|---|---|
| Sex (Reference: male) | ||
| Female | 1.6*** | 1.4,1.8 |
| Age Group (Reference: 50–59 years) | ||
| 60–69 years | 1.1 | 1.0,1.2 |
| 70–79 years | 1.1 | 1.0,1.3 |
| 80+ years | 1.0 | 0.8,1.2 |
| Education (Reference: completed university/college) | ||
| Completed secondary/high | 1.4** | 1.1,1.7 |
| Completed primary | 1.6** | 1.1,2.1 |
| No primary completed | 2.0*** | 1.5,2.5 |
| Marital Status (Reference: never married) | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 1.6** | 1.1,2.2 |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 1.5** | 1.1,2.2 |
| Work Status (Reference: currently working) | ||
| Never worked | 1.0 | 0.9,1.2 |
| Not currently working | 1.1 | 1.0,1.2 |
| Wealth Status (Reference: highest-wealthiest) | ||
| Second highest | 1.1 | 0.9,1.3 |
| Mid | 1.2 | 1.0,1.5 |
| Second lowest | 1.2 | 1.0,1.4 |
| Lowest (poorest) | 1.4** | 1.1,1.7 |
| Residence (Reference: urban) | ||
| Rural | 1.2** | 1.0,1.4 |
| Smoker (Reference: not current) | ||
| Current | 1.2* | 1.0,1.3 |
| Alcohol (Reference: never drinkers) | ||
| Former drinkers | 1.2 | 1.0,1.4 |
| Current drinkers | 1.2** | 1.1,1.5 |
| Waist Circumference (Reference: low risk) | ||
| High risk | 1.1 | 0.9,1.2 |
| Physical Activity (Reference: low) | ||
| Moderate | 1.0 | 0.9,1.2 |
| High | 1.1 | 1.0,1.3 |
| Chronic Conditions Count (Reference: none) | ||
| 1 | 2.7*** | 2.4,3.0 |
| 2+ | 4.8*** | 4.1,5.6 |
| Country (Reference: China) | ||
| Ghana | 2.2*** | 1.9,2.6 |
| India | 1.8*** | 1.5,2.2 |
| Mexico | 1.8** | 1.2,2.8 |
| Russian Federation | 4.1*** | 3.1,5.4 |
| South Africa | 2.3*** | 1.9,2.8 |
aConfidence Interval
*** <0.01
**p<0.05
*p<0.1
Variance Inflation Factor = 1.17.