Table 2.
Variability in thermal and mechanical properties of the polyhydroxyalkanoates due to monomeric composition
| Polyhydroxyalkanoates | Tm (°C) | Tg (°C) | Elastic modulus (GPa) | E:Ba (%) | Tensile strength (MPa) | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composition | Mol% | ||||||
| Homo-polymers | |||||||
| 3HB | 100 | 171–179 | 2.5–10 | 1.1–3.5 | 0.4–5.0 | 19–40 | [52, 65, 74, 83] |
| 4HB | 100 | 53 | −48 | 149 | 1000 | 104 | [49] |
| Co-polymers | |||||||
| 3HB:3HV | 95:5 | 170 | 2.2 | – | – | – | [65] |
| 80–90:10–20 | 137–156 | −1 to 1.7 | 0.8–1.2 | 50–100 | 20–32 | [7, 8, 29, 80, 83] | |
| 70–80:20–30 | 138–139 | −6 to −0.1 | 1.37 | 30 | 70 | [74, 80] | |
| 50–60:40–50 | 113–138 | −16 to −10 | – | – | – | [74] | |
| 30:70 | 87 | −13 | – | – | – | ||
| 3HB:4HB | 95:5 | 169 | −2 | 1.23 | 10.7 | 1.36 | [74] |
| 84:16 | 150 | –7 | – | – | – | ||
| 76:24 | 161 | −5 | 0.79 | 22.2 | 0.87 | ||
| 62:38 | 152 | −10 | 0.66 | 48.0 | 2.98 | ||
| 3HB:3HHx | 88–90:10–12 | 96–127 | −1.2 | 0.5 | 113–400 | 9.4–21 | [65] |
| 3HB:4HV | 90:10 | 159 | – | – | 242 | 24 | [47] |
| Tercopolymer | |||||||
| 3HB:3HV:4HB | 73:8:19 | 131 | −10.0 | 0.10 | 316 | 12 | [81] |
| 63:4:33 | – | −14.0 | 0.10 | 937 | 9 | ||
| 49:18:33 | – | −16.0 | 0.03 | 554 | 2 | ||
| 12:12:76 | 87.3 | −21.1 | 0.14 | 9 | 4 | [52] | |
| 11:23–24:55–56 | 92–100 | −15 to −17 | 0.4–0.6 | 3–5 | 9–10 | ||
| 10:40:50 | 88 | −13.7 | 0.12 | 300 | 9 | ||
| 4:3:93 | 55 | −51.6 | 0.13 | 430 | 14 | ||
| 3HB:3HV:3HHx | 75:13:12 | 101 | −1.9 | 0.07–0.1 | 740–833 | 12.8–14.3 | [7, 65] |
| 70:25:5 | 129 | −7.2 | – | – | – | ||
| 67:20:13 | 58–68 | −6 to −3.6 | – | – | – | ||
| 56:43:1 | 155 | −5.5 | – | – | – | ||
| 48:24:28 | 54 | −5.1 | – | – | – | ||
| 3HB:3HHx:3HHx= | 94:3:3 | 153–168 | 2.0 | – | – | – | [39] |
| 89:6:5 | 145 | −7 | – | – | – | ||
| 65:18:17 | 145–165 | −11 | 0.19 | 7.4 | 3.86 | ||
| 3HB:3HHx:3HO | 94:3:3 | 126 | −4 | 0.39 | 15 | 22 | [56] |
| Other co-polymers | |||||||
| 3HB:3HA | 98:2 | 150–167 | 1 | 0.95 | 16 | 26 | [29, 56] |
| 94–96:4–6 | 133 | −8 | 0.22 | 680 | 17 | ||
| 3HB:3HV:3HHx:3H2 MB:3H2MV | 90:4:1:4:1 | 171 | 4.6 | – | – | – | [7] |
| 84:7:2:5:2 | 137 | 2.8 | – | – | – | ||
| 74:24:2 | 101 | 2.68 | – | – | – | [61] | |
| 12:63–78:1–6:5–6:4–14 | 90–98 | −12 to −14 | – | – | – | [7] | |
| 11:63:6:6:14 | 89 | −14.0 | – | – | – | ||
| 3HB:3HV:3H2MV | 7:82:11 | 96 | – | – | – | – | [61] |
| 3HB:3HP:3HHx:3HHx= | 52:0:27:21 | 139 | −12 | – | – | – | [39] |
| 51:3:17:29 | 148 | −11 | 0.04 | 10.3 | 1.0 | ||
| 28:3:25:44 | 105 | −16 | – | – | – | ||
| 3HB:3HHx:3HO:3HD | 89:6:4:1 | 111 | −6 | 0.07–0.21 | 188–493 | 4–10 | [56] |
| 3HB:3HV:3HHD:3HOD | 83–87:5–8:4:4–5 | 115–120 | −13 to −14 | 0.2 | 701–723 | 18 | [29] |
| 3HHx:3HO:3HD:3HDD:3HDDE:3HTD:3HTDE | 1–3:13–38:30–42:5–12:0–37:tr:0–23 | 37–40 | −49 to −53 | – | – | – | [83] |
| 3HHx:3HO:3HD:3HDD | 0–15:0–93:0–92:0–56 | 53–75 | −37 to −44 | 0.19–0.35 | 188–346 | 5.8–8.7 | [27] |
aElongation to break