Table 2.
Characteristics of SAPS II admission categories
| Planned surgery (n = 50) | Unplanned surgery (n = 213) | Medical reasons (n = 132) | Total (n = 395) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 83.5 ± 2.7 | 84.0 ± 2.7 | 83.5 ± 3.2 | 83.8 ± 2.9 | 0.217a |
| Male, % | 64.0 | 60.6 | 60.6 | 61.0 | 0.889b |
| Length of stay (LOS), median (IQR) | |||||
| ICU-LOS | 2.0 (1.0–4.4) | 2.2 (1.0–5.0) | 1.2 (0.6–2.6) | 1.8 (0.9–3.9) | <0.001b |
| Hospital LOS | 15.1 (10.2–26.2) | 12.9 (4.3–20.6) | 6.5 (2.0–14.3) | 11.3 (4.0–19.3) | <0.001b |
| Ventilator support | |||||
| Mechanical ventilator support, % (n) | 48.0 (24) | 69.5 (148) | 53.0 (70) | 61.3 (242) | 0.001b |
| Mechanical ventilator support time, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.4–3.7) | 1.3 (0.5–3.8) | 0.9 (0.3–2.0) | 1.2 (0.5–3.3) | 0.050b |
| Non-invasive ventilator support, % (n) | 44.0 (22) | 33.8 (72) | 28.0 (37) | 29.6 (47) | 0.119b |
| Non-invasive ventilator support time, median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 2.0 (0.6–3.0) | 1.0 (0.3–2.0) | 1.3 (0.4–2.5) | 0.056b |
| Severity score, mean ± SD | |||||
| SAPS II | 39.0 ± 13.2 (n = 47) | 44.6 ± 14.8 (n = 212) | 45.6 ± 15.6 (n = 131) | 44.3 ± 15.0 (n = 390) | 0.030a |
| Max. SOFA | 6.3 ± 4.1 (n = 47) | 8.3 ± 3.6 (n = 212) | 7.5 ± 3.8 (n = 130) | 7.8 ± 3.8 (n = 389) | 0.002a |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD | 3.2 ± 1.8 (n = 50) | 2.5 ± 2.0 (n = 209) | 2.5 ± 1.7 (n = 131) | 2.6 ± 1.9 (n = 390) | 0.050a |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) categories, % (n) | |||||
| None (CCI 0) | 4.0 (2) | 13.4 (28) | 13.7 (18) | 12.3 (48) | 0.159b |
| Mild (CCI 1–2) | 34.0 (17) | 43.1 (90) | 39.7 (52) | 40.8 (159) | 0.436b |
| Moderate (CCI 3–4) | 46.0 (23) | 26.3 (55) | 36.6 (48) | 32.3 (126) | 0.009b |
| Severe (CCI ≥5) | 16.0 (8) | 17.2 (36) | 9.9 (13) | 14.6 (57) | 0.163b |
| Severe organ dysfunction, % (n) | |||||
| Respiration | 68.0 (34) | 71.8 (153) | 56.8 (75) | 66.3 (262) | 0.016b |
| Circulation | 38.0 (19) | 53.1 (113) | 40.9 (54) | 47.1 (186) | 0.035b |
| Renal | 30.0 (15) | 28.6 (61) | 26.5 (35) | 28.1 (111) | 0.868b |
| CNS | 20.0 (10) | 23.5 (50) | 32.6 (43) | 26.1 (103) | 0.100b |
| Coagulation | 16.0 (8) | 8.5 (18) | 9.8 (13) | 9.9 (39) | 0.273b |
| Liver | 2.0 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 3.0 (4) | 1.3 (5) | 0.034d |
| Survival, % (n) | |||||
| ICU | 90.0 (45) | 74.2 (158) | 73.5 (97) | 75.9 (300) | 0.045b |
| Hospital | 84.0 (42) | 54.9 (117) | 57.6 (76) | 59.5 (235) | 0.001b |
| 30 days | 86.0 (43) | 51.2 (109) | 54.5 (72) | 56.7 (224) | <0.001b |
| 90 days | 82.0 (41) | 44.6 (95) | 50.8 (67) | 51.4 (203) | <0.001b |
| 180 days | 74.0 (37) | 40.4 (86) | 47.7 (63) | 47.1 (186) | <0.001b |
| 1 year | 68.0 (34) | 37.1 (79) | 40.2 (53) | 42.0 (166) | <0.001b |
| 2 years | 59.9 (28) | 33.1 (64) | 33.6 (39) | 36.6 (130) | 0.001b |
| 3 years | 48.4 (15) | 27.8 (50) | 29.9 (32) | 31.2 (96) | 0.088b |
| 5 years | 32.8 (7) | 18.6 (28) | 23.7 (22) | 22.2 (55) | 0.290b |
| Diagnostic groups, % (n) | |||||
| Respiratory failure | 44.0 (22) | 24.4 (52) | 28.0 (37) | 28.1 (111) | 0.021b |
| Circulatory failure | 8.0 (4) | 8.5 (18) | 7.6 (10) | 8.1 (32) | 0.959b |
| Combined respiratory and circulatory failure | 8.0 (4) | 12.7 (27) | 7.6 (10) | 10.4 (41) | 0.270b |
| Neurologic failure | 2.0 (1) | 7.0 (15) | 18.2 (24) | 10.1 (40) | <0.001b |
| Isolated head injury | 0.0 (0) | 1.9 (4) | 4.5 (6) | 2.5 (10) | 0.165d |
| Sepsis | 4.0 (2) | 8.9 (19) | 10.6 (14) | 8.9 (35) | 0.308d |
| Gastroenterological failure | 0 (0) | 5.6 (12) | 5.3 (7) | 4.8 (19) | 0.276d |
| Multiple organ failure | 4.0 (2) | 7.5 (16) | 3.0 (4) | 5.6 (22) | 0.205d |
| Multitrauma without head injury | 0.0 (0) | 5.6 (12) | 2.3 (3) | 3.8 (15) | 0.107d |
| Multitrauma with head injury | 0.0 (0) | 2.3 (5) | 3.0 (4) | 2.3 (9) | 0.638d |
| Planned surgery | 18.0 (9) | 1.4 (3) | 0.8 (1) | 3.3 (13) | <0.001d |
| Acute operation | 2.0 (1) | 10.3 (22) | 2.3 (3) | 6.6 (26) | 0.004d |
| Unspecified | 10.0 (5) | 3.8 (8) | 6.8 (9) | 5.6 (22) | 0.150d |
| SMR (95 % CI) | 0.55 (0.28–1.11) (n = 47) | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) (n = 212) | 1.05 (0.81–1.37) (n = 131) | 1.06 (0.90–1.23) (n = 390) |
Survival times were derived from the life table method
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS II simplified acute physiology score II, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, SMR standardized mortality ratio
aWith ANOVA (analysis of variance)
bPearson’s chi-square test
cWith Kruskal-Wallis test
dFisher’s exact test