Table 1.

Simulations of eight clinical protocols for maxillary protraction

Simulation	Clinical protocol	Location of force (bilaterally)	Direction of force (to occlusal plane)
A	FM [−30]	Buccal surface of maxillary first molars	−30
B	Pal-MI-FM [−30]	3-mm lateral of the mid-palatine suture	−30
C	Ant-MI-FM [−15]	Between roots of canine and first premolar	−15
D	Ant-MI-FM [−30]	Between roots of canine and first premolar	−30
E	Ant-MI-FM [−45]	Between roots of canine and first premolar	−45
F	Ant-MI-FM [+30]	Between roots of canine and first premolar	+30
G	Post-MI-FM [−30]	Between roots of second premolar and molar	−30
H	Post-MI-FM [−45]	Between roots of second premolar and molar	−45