FIGURE 4.

Effect of influenza infection on soluble mediator secretion into the culture medium by (A) monolayer primary epithelial cells and (B) bronchial tissue explants. PBECs and bronchial tissue explants (Bx) were either mock infected with virus diluent, or infected with influenza virus for 2 h; the virus was then removed and the cells/tissues were incubated for an additional 24 h. The culture supernatants were analyzed by multiplexed ELISA for eight soluble mediators. Data shown are mediator concentrations in pg/ml conditioned medium supernatant. Box and whisker plots indicate median infection-induced mediator concentration and interquartiles ± range, n = 9 for PBECs and n = 10 for bronchial samples. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.