Table 1. Traditional risk factors for SOS/VOD.
| Risk factors |
|---|
| Transplant-related |
| Allo-HSCT>auto-HSCT |
| Unrelated donor |
| HLA-mismatched donor |
| Myeloablative conditioning regimen |
| BU-based conditioning regimen |
| TBI-based conditioning regimen |
| Non-T-cell-depleted graft |
| Second HSCT |
| Patient- and disease-related |
| Older>younger (in adult patients) |
| Female receiving norethisterone |
| Karnofsky score below 90% |
| Gene polymorphism (GSTM1, GSMTT1, heparanase) |
| Advanced disease (beyond second CR or relapse) |
| Metabolic syndrome |
| Deficit of AT III, t-PA and resistance to activated protein C |
| Thalassemia |
| Hepatic related risk factors |
| Transaminase>2.5 ULN |
| Serum bilirubin>1.5 ULN |
| Cirrhosis |
| Hepatic fibrosis |
| Active viral hepatitis |
| Hepatic irradiation |
| Previous use of gemtuzumab ozogamicin |
| Use of hepatotoxic drugs |
| Iron overload |
| Pediatric specific risk factors |
| Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, adrenoleucodystrophy, osteopetrosis |
| High-dose auto-HSCT in neuroblastoma |
| Young age (under 1–2 years of age) |
| Low weight |
| Juvenile myelo-monocytic chronic leukemia |
Abbreviations: AT III=antithrombin III; HSCT=hematopoietic SCT; SOS/VOD=sinusoidal obstruction syndrome or veno-occlusive disease; t-PA=tissue plasminogen activator; ULN=upper limit of normal.