Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Pain
Systematic review	Children aged <17 years 2 RCTs in this analysis	Proportion of children with headache relief 2 hours 73/125 (58%) with ibuprofen 45/117 (38%) with placebo	RR 1.50 95% CI 1.15 to 1.96 Both RCTs included in the meta-analysis had methodological flaws that compromised the validity of their results, including failure to report results before crossover and high withdrawal rates	Small effect size	ibuprofen
Systematic review	Children aged <17 years 2 RCTs in this analysis	Proportion of children who were pain free 2 hours 52/125 (42%) with ibuprofen 25/117 (21%) with placebo	RR 1.92 95% CI 1.28 to 2.86 Both RCTs included in the meta-analysis had methodological flaws that compromised the validity of their results, including failure to report results before crossover and high withdrawal rates	Small effect size	ibuprofen
RCT 3-armed trial	32 children, 29 (90%) of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analysis In review	Proportion of children with pain relief 1 hour 45% with ibuprofen 7% with placebo Absolute numbers not reported	P <0.01 The RCT made statistical adjustments for related samples when comparing ibuprofen with placebo	Effect size not calculated	ibuprofen
RCT 3-armed trial	32 children, 29 (90%) of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analysis In review	Proportion of children with pain relief 2 hours 69% with ibuprofen 28% with placebo Absolute numbers not reported	P <0.05 The RCT made statistical adjustments for related samples when comparing ibuprofen with placebo	Effect size not calculated	ibuprofen
RCT 3-armed trial	32 children, 29 (90%) of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analysis In review	Proportion of children with pain relief 4 hours 86% with ibuprofen 48% with placebo Absolute numbers not reported	P <0.01 The RCT made statistical adjustments for related samples when comparing ibuprofen with placebo	Effect size not calculated	ibuprofen
Nausea
RCT 3-armed trial	32 children, 29 (90%) of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analysis In review	Proportion of children with nausea 1 hour 41% with ibuprofen 76% with placebo Absolute numbers not reported	P <0.01 The RCT made statistical adjustments for related samples when comparing ibuprofen with placebo	Effect size not calculated	ibuprofen
RCT 3-armed trial	32 children, 29 (90%) of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analysis In review	Proportion of children with nausea 2 hours 14% with ibuprofen 62% with placebo Absolute numbers not reported	P <0.01 The RCT made statistical adjustments for related samples when comparing ibuprofen with placebo	Effect size not calculated	ibuprofen