Signal and Biosynthetic Steps Relevant for This Work.
Top: Benzophenanthridine alkaloids, investigated in E. californica cultures, and main steps of their biosynthesis (according to Zenk, 1994) and the preceding signal chain (Roos et al., 2006). Bottom: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, investigated in C. roseus cultures, and selected steps of their biosynthesis (according to Facchini and De Luca, 2008). DHBOx, dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase; 4'OMT, 3′-hydroxy N-methylcoclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase; BBE, berberine bridge enzyme; D4H, desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase; DAT, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase; PER, peroxidase; STR, strictosidine synthase.