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. 2015 Jun 5;6:256. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00256

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Copyright © 2015 Arenzana-Seisdedos.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Structure and mode of action of CXCL12/SDF-1 in HIV-1 infection. (A) Ribbon structure of human CXCL12/SDF-1α. The two disulfur bonds are indicated in yellow (9). N, amino-terminus; C, carboxy-terminus. (B) Human cells expressing CD4 and CXCR4 infected or not with an X4 HIV-1 isolate in the presence of SDF-1/CXCL12 or RANTES/CCL5. Infected cells are visualized by β-galactosidase staining.