Table 1.
Characteristics of matched study cohort of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor users and non-users with inflammatory bowel disease. Values are numbers (percentages) of patients unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Users of TNF-α inhibitors (n=1543) | Non-users of TNF-α inhibitors (n=1543) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 44.6 (14.5) | 44.6 (14.6) |
| Male sex | 656 (43) | 656 (43) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease subtype: | ||
| Crohn’s disease | 667 (43) | 667 (43) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 876 (57) | 876 (57) |
| Disease duration (years): | ||
| <1 | 392 (25) | 392 (23) |
| 1-4 | 530 (34) | 530 (34) |
| 5-9 | 360 (23) | 360 (23) |
| 10-19 | 238 (15) | 238 (15) |
| ≥20 | 23 (2) | 23 (2) |
| Place of birth: | ||
| Denmark | 1473 (96) | 1477 (96) |
| Europe | 32 (2) | 25 (2) |
| Other countries | 38 (3) | 41 (3) |
| Socioeconomic status | ||
| Employment: | ||
| Unknown, basic, or no qualifications | 560 (36) | 618 (40) |
| Medium level qualifications | 212 (14) | 200 (13) |
| High level qualifications | 146 (10) | 151 (10) |
| Self employed or coworking spouse | 68 (4) | 54 (4) |
| Outside labour market | 424 (28) | 384 (25) |
| Pensioned | 133 (9) | 136 (9) |
| Degree of urbanisation | ||
| Population density (inhabitants per km2): | ||
| ≤49 | 106 (7) | 116 (8) |
| 50-99 | 465 (30) | 446 (29) |
| 100-199 | 341 (22) | 343 (22) |
| ≥200 | 160 (10) | 180 (12) |
| Copenhagen suburbs | 306 (20) | 313 (20) |
| Copenhagen | 165 (11) | 145 (9) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Gastrointestinal: | ||
| Surgery | 115 (8) | 104 (7) |
| Intestinal, anal, rectal fissure, fistula, abscess | 34 (2) | 25 (2) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 135 (9) | 140 (9) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 86 (6) | 77 (5) |
| Diabetes | 104 (7) | 108 (7) |
| Liver disease | 23 (2) | 18 (1) |
| Renal disease | 16 (1) | 14 (1) |
| Rheumatic disease | 101 (7) | 68 (4) |
| Cancer | 50 (3) | 36 (2) |
| Previous infections* | 117 (8) | 105 (7) |
| Non-inflammatory bowel disease drugs†: | ||
| Cardiovascular | 347 (23) | 385 (25) |
| Antianemic | 231 (15) | 221 (14) |
| Pulmonary antiobstructive | 173 (11) | 172 (11) |
| Antimicrobials | 722 (47) | 703 (46) |
| No of prescription drugs used in past 6 months: | ||
| 0 | 110 (7) | 86 (6) |
| 1 or 2 | 257 (17) | 256 (17) |
| 3 or 4 | 244 (16) | 278 (18) |
| ≥5 | 932 (60) | 923 (60) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease drugs† | ||
| 5-aminosalicylic acid/sulfasalazine | 670 (43) | 686 (45) |
| Intestinal corticosteroids | 283 (18) | 300 (19) |
| Methotrexate, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide | 42 (3) | 20 (1) |
| Azathioprine‡ | 690 (45) | 217 (14) |
| Oral corticosteroids‡ | 861 (56) | 303 (20) |
| Healthcare use in past year | ||
| No of hospital admissions: | ||
| 0 | 872 (57) | 915 (60) |
| 1 or 2 | 539 (35) | 502 (33) |
| ≥3 | 132 (9) | 126 (8) |
| No of outpatient contacts: | ||
| 0 | 371 (24) | 352 (23) |
| 1 or 2 | 944 (61) | 1007 (65) |
| ≥3 | 228 (15) | 184 (12) |
The cohort was matched on fixed factors (sex, age, disease duration, and inflammatory bowel disease subtype) and propensity scores. All characteristics are as current at cohort entry unless stated otherwise.
*Defined as previous infections associated with hospital admission within one year before cohort entry.
†As registered within one year before cohort entry.
‡Not included in propensity score.