Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2011 Oct 14;0(4):274–287. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30321

TABLE V.

Number and Proportion of Major Congenital Malformations Unrelated to the Site of Union Observed in 73 Sets of Conjoined Twins

Malformation Thoracopagus Parapagus Dicephalus Omphalopagus Parasitic Craniopagus Parapagus Diprosopus Cephalopagus Ischiopagus Pygopagus Total %
Neural tube defects 4 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 11 9.91
Hydrocephaly 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 3.60
Other central nervous system defects 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4.50
Micro-ophthalmia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.90
Facial clefts 5 1 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 11 9.91
Congenital heart defects 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 7 6.31
Gastrointestinal atresias 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 11 9.91
Abdominal wall defects 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 4 3.60
Genitourinary defects 6 1 5 1 1 1 1 2 4 22 19.82
Musculoskeletal anomalies 6 3 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 14 12.61
Limb reduction anomalies 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 7 6.31
Polydactyly/syndactyly 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1.80
Other 5 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 12 10.81
Total 37 18 17 7 5 8 3 7 9 111 100.00