Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: South Med J. 2015 Jan;108(1):29–36. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000214

TABLE 4.

Hazard Ratios of Select Diabetes Mellitus Complications by Body Mass Index and Gender*

Body Mass Index
25.00-27.49 27.50-29.99 30.00-39.99 ≥ 40.00
Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men
Coronary Artery Disease 1.30 1.05 1.50 1.19 2.00 1.90 2.49 2.15
(1.10-1.53) (0.90-1.22) (1.24-1.81) (1.05-1.42) (1.77-2.33) (1.67-2.18) (1.92-3.26) (1.43-3.21)
[0.00] [0.50] [0.00] [0.04] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00]
Myocardial Infarction 1.20 1.47 1.37 1.56 2.03 2.50 1.72 3.46
(0.89-1.61) (1.15-1.85) (0.97-1.92) (1.20-2.03) (1.54-2.64) (1.97-3.16) (1.02-2.90) (2.00-5.97)
[0.21] [0.00] [0.07] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.04] [0.00]
Chronic Heart Failure 1.19 1.16 1.56 1.35 2.16 2.41 3.19 4.95
(0.97-1.45) (0.96-1.38) (1.24-1.94) (1.10-1.65) (1.80-2.59) (2.01-2.87) (2.38-4.25) (3.38-7.22)
[0.09] [0.12] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00]
Occlusion or Stenosis 1.17 0.93 1.20 1.03 1.38 1.42 1.60 1.43
(0.95-1.44) (0.75-1.13) (0.92-1.53) (0.81-1.30) (1.12-1.70) (1.14-1.75) (1.08-2.37) (0.77-2.64)
[0.14] [0.47] [0.16] [0.78] [0.00] [0.00] [0.02] [0.25]
Stroke 1.22 0.96 1.06 0.98 1.54 1.42 2.17 1.89
(0.92-1.60) (0.75-1.23) (0.74-1.49) (0.73-1.29) (1.17-2.01) (1.10-1.83) (1.39-3.39) (0.98-3.61)
[0.16] [0.76] [0.76] [0.88] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.05]
Transient Ischemic Attack 1.16 1.02 1.36 1.22 1.28 1.39 1.89 0.70
(0.86-1.55) (0.75-1.36) (0.97-1.89) (0.88-1.68) (0.95-1.71) (1.02-1.89) (1.14-3.13) (0.22-2.24)
[0.32] [0.91] [0.08] [0.23] [0.10] [0.04] [0.01] [0.55]
Cerebrovascular Carotid 1.17 0.71 1.30 1.08 1.79 1.27 1.61 1.17
Bruit (0.87-1.57) (0.51-0.98) (0.91-1.82) (0.77-1.50) (1.35-2.35) (0.92-1.74) (0.92-2.80) (0.42-3.20)
[0.29] [0.04] [0.14] [0.65] [0.00] [0.13] [0.09] [0.77]
Proteinuria 1.40 0.99 1.54 1.09 1.98 2.23 1.78 0.89
(1.00-1.94) (0.68-1.43) (1.05-2.26) (0.71-1.65) (1.44-2.71) (1.57-3.17) (0.95-3.32) (0.21-3.68)
[0.05] [0.67] [0.03] [0.87] [0.00] [0.13] [0.37] [0.77]
Chronic Renal Failure 1.19 1.01 1.54 1.31 1.88 2.11 2.20 2.87
(0.90-1.57) (0.79-1.29) (1.13-2.08) (1.00-1.71) (1.46-2.42) (1.66-2.67) (1.42-3.41) (1.61-5.13)
[0.22] [0.91] [0.01] [0.04] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00]
Background Diabetic 1.22 0.98 2.01 1.96 2.21 2.58 1.69 4.92
Retinopathy (0.72-2.04) (0.57-1.69) (1.19-3.38) (1.16-3.29) (1.40-3.47) (1.56-4.23) (0.69-4.10) (1.86-12.96)
[0.45] [0.96] [0.00] [0.01] [0.00] [0.00] [0.25] [0.00]
Ulcer 1.41 0.91 1.56 1.33 1.79 1.75 3.34 4.97
(1.01-1.95) (0.64-1.27) (1.06-2.28) (0.93-1.89) (1.29-2.46) (1.26-2.43) (2.04-5.45) (2.76-8.95)
[0.04] [0.58] [0.02] [0.11] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00]
Gangrene 1.25 1.03 1.52 1.81 1.98 2.68 3.42 5.42
(0.81-1.93) (0.69-1.52) (0.93-2.45) (1.22-2.67) (1.33-2.94) (1.87-3.83) (1.92-6.10) (2.72-10.80)
[0.30] [0.87] [0.09] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00] [0.00]
*

Statistics presented are hazard ratios.

Note: the hazard ratio estimates are based on Cox proportional hazard model controlling for race, education, age, age squared, income, marital status, smoking status, hypertension and the survey year. Statistically significant coefficients are in bold, 95% confidence intervals are in parenthesis, p-values reported in square brackets.