Figure 12.
Measurements of cell tractions exerted to the substrate. (Top) Traction microscopy. Cell tractions exerted by a human airway smooth cell on a polyacrylamide gel coated with collagen. Colors show the magnitude and direction of the traction vectors in pascal. Adapted (with permission) from reference (31). (Bottom) Micropost array. Confocal image of immunofluorescence staining of a smooth muscle cell on posts. Position of fibronectin (red) on the tips of the posts was used to calculate force exerted by cells (white arrows). Reprinted (with permission) from reference (240). Copyright (2003) National Academy of Sciences, USA.