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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Inflamm Cell Signal. 2014 Sep 11;1(4):e223. doi: 10.14800/ics.223

Figure 1. Roles of NF-κB in wear particles induced inflammation and osteolytic tissue response.

Figure 1

Immune cells such as macrophages exposed to the wear particles enhance NF-κB activation, and turn on the downstream cytokine and chemokine gene expression including MCP1, MIP1α, IL-8, CXCL1, TNFα, and IL-1β. The resulted tissue response including immune cell infiltration, tissue damage, and osteoclast activation may eventually cause osteolysis. Bone formation is also suppressed. Suppression of NF-κB activity via decoy ODN can block multiple cytokine and chemokine expression, and may efficiently mitigate wear particle induced osteolysis.