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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 19.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2015 Jun 19;29(10):1183–1193. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000690

Table 3.

Unadjusted lung cancer IRs among the 6823 current and former smokers in the WIHS and the MACS.

WIHS MACS
# Lung
Cancers		 P-yrs IR* IRR (95% CI) p-value # Lung
Cancers		 P-yrs IR* IRR (95% CI) p-value
Geographic location
Central US 6 3320 180.7 1 9 20253 44.4 1
East coast 18 12904 139.5 0.77 (0.29, 2.38) 0.73 5 10617 47.1 1.06 (0.28, 3.52) 1.00
West coast 13 8152 159.5 0.88 (0.31, 2.83) 0.97 9 14493 62.1 1.40 (0.49, 3.97) 0.63
Calendar year
1984-1994 -- -- -- 9 23491 38.3 1
1995-2000 12 9671 124.1 1 5 7189 69.6 1.82 (0.48, 6.03) 0.43
2001-2011 25 14705 170.0 1.37 (0.66, 2.99) 0.47 9 14682 61.3 1.60 (0.56, 4.55) 0.44
Age
<40 2 9172 21.8 1 2 18532 10.8 1
40-49 13 10194 127.5 5.85 (1.32, 53.36) 0.01 9 15169 59.3 5.50 (1.14, 52.30) 0.03
50-59 17 4291 396.2 18.17 (4.31, 162.07) <0.0001 8 8525 93.8 8.70 (1.74, 84.02) 0.005
60+ 5 719 695.5 31.88 (5.22, 334.96) <0.0001 4 3136 127.5 11.82 (1.69, 130.71) 0.01
Race
Non-Black 9 10116 89.0 1 19 39314 48.3 1
Black 28 14360 196.4 2.21 (1.01, 5.32) 0.046 4 6037 66.3 1.37 (0.34, 4.12) 0.73
Education
> High school 7 7369 95.0 1 13 36940 35.2 1
≤ High school 30 16946 177.0 1.86 (0.80-5.03) 0.18 10 8220 121.7 3.46 (1.36-8.53) 0.009
BMI
<25 21 9885 212.4 1 18 32907 54.7 1
25-30 7 7010 99.9 0.47 (0.17, 1.15) 0.11 0 2429 0.0 0.0 (0.0, 3.08) 0.56
>30 8 7420 107.8 0.51 (0.19, 1.19) 0.14 5 10018 49.0 0.91 (0.26, 2.55) 1.0
Cumulative pack-years
<10 2 11365 17.6 1 2 14609 13.7 1
10 to 19 14 6144 227.9 12.95 (2.97, 117.45) <0.0001 1 7975 12.5 0.92 (0.02, 17.60) 1.00
20 to 29 6 2940 204.1 11.60 (2.07, 117.45) 0.003 2 7112 28.1 2.05 (0.15, 28.33) 0.79
>=30 13 2583 503.3 28.59 (6.48, 261.13) <0.0001 18 14448 124.6 9.10 (2.18, 80.88) 0.0004
Unknown 2 0
History of asthma (WIHS only)
No 15 15183 98.8 1 --
Yes 22 9170 239.9 2.43 (1.20, 5.03) 0.01 --
Recreational drug use
Never 4 2662 240.6 1 2 3147 63.5 1
Ever 33 22713 145.3 0.60 (0.21, 2.35) 0.49 21 42207 49.8 0.78 (0.19, 6.89) 0.96
Injection drug use
Never 13 14506 89.6 1 18 39565 45.5 1
Ever 24 9870 243.2 2.71 (1.33, 5.80) 0.005 5 5583 89.6 1.97 (0.57, 5.50) 0.29
HIV
Infected 6 6634 90.4 1 8 24459 32.7 1
Uninfected 31 17742 174.7 1.93 (0.79, 5.66) 0.18 15 20903 71.6 2.19 (0.87, 5.98) 0.10
Current CD4 (cells/ul, HIV+ only)
<200 9 3340 269.4 2.21 (0.76, 6.58) 0.16 5 2625 72.3 4.73 (1.02, 23.86) 0.047
200 to 500 14 7793 179.7 1.47 (0.58, 4.05) 0.51 6 8297 72.3 1.80 (0.43, 8.65) 0.54
>500 8 6560 122.0 1 4 9937 40.3 1
Nadir CD4 (cells/ul, HIV+ only)
<200 17 7242 234.7 1.28 (0.42, 5.21) 0.90 8 5161 155.0 8.00 (1.07, 355.31) 0.04
200 to 500 10 8279 120.8 0.66 (0.19, 2.87) 0.66 6 10532 57.0 2.94 (0.36, 135.37) 0.54
>500 4 2173 184.1 1 1 5165 19.4 1
Current HIV RNA (copies/ml, HIV+ only)
≤400 10 7384 135.4 1 4 5492 72.8 1
401 to 10, 000 10 4479 223.3 1.65 (0.62, 4.41) 0.37 1 2375 42.1 0.58 (0.01, 5.84) 1.00
10, 001 to 100, 000 6 3621 165.7 1.22 (0.37, 3.72) 0.88 4 3189 125.5 1.72 (0.32, 9.24) 0.66
> 100, 000 4 1362 293.7 2.17 (0.50, 7.52) 0.32 0 1216 0.0 0.0 (0.0, 6.84) 0.90
Unknown 1 0
Peak HIV RNA (copies/ml, HIV+ only)
<10, 000 6 4665 128.6 1 0 4915 0.0 1
10, 001 to 100, 000 14 7100 197.2 1.53 (0.55, 4.87) 0.52 5 7798 64.1 ∞ (0.58, ∞) 0.17
> 100, 000 11 5892 186.7 1.45 (0.49, 4.78) 0.63 8 5570 143.6 00 (1.51, ∞) 0.01
Unknown 0 2
HAART experienced (HIV+ only)
No 9 6107 147.4 1 8 12981 61.6 1
Yes 22 11635 189.1 1.28 (0.57, 3.16) 0.67 7 7922 88.4 1.43 (0.44, 4.53) 0.65
Prior AIDS diagnosis (HIV+ only)
No 11 9578 114.8 1 9 18472 48.7 1
Yes 20 8164 245.0 2.13 (0.97, 4.93) 0.06 6 2431 246.8 5.07 (1.48, 15.94) 0.01
*

IR: Incidence rate per 100, 000 person-years.