Fig. 1.

Migration of cortical neurons in wild-type and reeler mice. a Inside-out lamination of cortical neurons in wild-type mice. At early developmental stages, layer VI neurons split the preplate (PP) to form the subplate (SP) and pial surface (PS). Late-born neurons continue to migrate and bypass older neurons, resulting in the inside-out formation of the cortical plate, with older neurons located in the inner layers, and the younger neurons located in outer layers. b Inverted cortical neuronal layers in reeler mice. Layer VI fails to split the preplate, leading to accumulation of neurons underneath the preplate. The inability of late-born neurons to bypass the old neurons results in the inversion of neuronal layers in the cortical plate