Semantic category	Picture	Sentence frame	Exact match	Concept match	Other same-category responses
Audio-visual equipment	headphones	When he wanted to listen to music, Heath took out his iPod and plugged in his	0.60	0.89	0.08
	microphone	When Allison sings in her room, she uses her hairbrush as a	1.00	1.00	0.00
	radio	Vince always finds the best music when browsing stations on the	0.91	0.91	0.00
	speaker	At the rock concert, the bass boomed from the huge	0.78	0.80	0.09
	television	Flipping through the channels, Katherine couldn’t find anything good to watch on	1.00	1.00	0.00
Body parts	ear	After swimming, Jaclyn tried to shake out the water stuck in her	0.73	0.73	0.22
	eye	Eric preferred glasses because he always had a hard time putting a contact lens in his right	0.99	0.99	0.01
	finger	Reaching to pick up the files, Lauren got a paper cut on her	0.84	0.84	0.16
	hand	As a lefty, Kevin held the pencil in his left	1.00	1.00	0.00
	nose	Rudolph the Reindeer’s most prominent feature is his bright red	1.00	1.00	0.00
Buildings	castle	In medieval times, a moat deterred would-be attackers from sieging a	0.66	0.66	0.04
	church	Every Sunday, the whole family attended Mass at the local	0.97	0.97	0.03
	house	When she finally had enough money, Sarah moved to the suburbs and bought her own	0.86	0.86	0.10
	lighthouse	The sailors narrowly avoided being shipwrecked thanks to the beacon on the	0.39	0.39	0.00
	windmill	It is impossible to travel more than a few miles in the Dutch countryside without seeing a	0.20	0.20	0.02
Celestial phenomena	cloud	The sky was completely blue except for one fluffy white	1.00	1.00	0.00
	lightning	The dogs howled and ran indoors because of the thunder and	0.85	0.85	0.15
	moon	John turns into a werewolf whenever there is a full	1.00	1.00	0.00
	rainbow	Leprechauns are known for hiding a pot of gold at the end of a	0.99	0.99	0.00
	star	Alyssa makes a wish whenever she looks up and sees a shooting	1.00	1.00	0.00
Clothes	glove	While dancing, Michael Jackson was famous for wearing a single sequined	0.76	0.76	0.24
	jacket	After stepping into the cold night air, Liz ran back inside to grab a	0.52	0.94	0.04
	pants	Because he had eaten too much over winter break, Owen had a hard time fitting into a pair of	0.73	0.99	0.01
	skirt	As part of her schoolgirl uniform, Kristin was required to wear a white pleated	0.72	0.72	0.28
	sock	After doing his laundry, Mark always seemed to be missing one	0.99	0.99	0.01
Farm animals	cow	On the class field trip, the students got to milk a	0.92	0.92	0.04
	donkey	In the story of Winnie the Pooh, Eeyore is the name of the gloomy	0.86	0.89	0.06
	horse	Colin went to the Kentucky Derby and bet $100 on his favorite	0.89	0.93	0.00
	pig	In the book Charlotte’s Web, a spider becomes friends with a	0.88	0.89	0.01
	sheep	Wool is made from the fleece of a	0.86	0.96	0.01
Furniture	bed	After traveling abroad for weeks, Nathan couldn’t wait to get home and sleep in his own	0.98	0.98	0.00
	chair	When thinking about a difficult problem, Zach would often rock back in his	0.90	0.90	0.06
	desk	When the students finished their exams, they were to place them on the teacher’s	0.99	0.99	0.01
	stool	Since there wasn’t an open booth, Blake sat at the counter on a	0.71	0.76	0.15
	table	After cooking supper, Jan set the food on the dinner	0.99	0.99	0.00
House parts	balcony	On sunny days, Ron likes to go up to the second floor and read a book outside on his	0.54	0.82	0.11
	chimney	Children believe that Santa brings them presents by climbing down the	0.97	0.97	0.02
	door	When Jessica knocked, Max opened the front	1.00	1.00	0.00
	roof	To replace the fallen shingles, Emily climbed a ladder to get to the	0.78	0.79	0.03
	window	The room was getting stuffy, so Cody opened a	0.97	0.97	0.03
Musical instruments	drum	As a member of the school band, Steven played the snare	0.81	0.81	0.16
	guitar	Hailey and her friends sang around the campfire while she played her	0.88	0.88	0.11
	piano	Marissa’s family has a 9-foot Steinway grand	0.72	0.72	0.00
	trumpet	Louis Armstrong was famous for his ability to sing and play the	0.21	0.21	0.76
	violin	Joshua lifted the bow high into the air and touched it to the strings of his	0.47	0.48	0.03
Tableware	cup	When Lilah was little, she drank her juice from a sippy	0.99	0.99	0.01
	fork	To eat the pasta, Tina wound it around her	0.95	0.95	0.03
	glass	Because it was so fragile, Katie was always extra careful when washing the wine	0.92	0.92	0.05
	knife	Since Ricky ordered steak, the server brought him an extra sharp	0.99	0.99	0.00
	spoon	Because his guests were going to have soup, Alex made sure to give each of them a	0.96	0.96	0.02
Tools	ax	It is rumored that George Washington chopped down a cherry tree with his	0.94	0.94	0.01
	drill	Kurt wanted to hang a painting, so he bored a hole with a	0.29	0.30	0.17
	hammer	To help with his woodworking, Travis bought some nails and a	0.94	0.94	0.06
	saw	The carpenter cut the wood in half using a	0.85	0.85	0.14
	screwdriver	To open the vent, Diane needed a flathead	0.82	0.82	0.12
Transport	bus	The football team traveled to the away game together on a	0.93	0.93	0.03
	car	When Rita ran out of gas, she had to ask people to help push her	0.97	0.98	0.01
	helicopter	Due to the severity of the accident, the skier was airlifted off the mountain by a	0.95	0.96	0.04
	plane	The nice flight attendant gave the boy an extra bag of pretzels on the	0.77	0.77	0.00
	truck	As a driver for a shipping company, Jeremy logged thousands of miles every year in his	0.60	0.63	0.21

Note. “Exact match” represents the proportion of responses that matched the name given in the “Picture” column, “Concept match” represents the proportion that matched an acceptable name for the picture (e.g., “jeans” for “pants”), and “Other same-category responses” represents the proportion of responses that belonged to the same category as the target but did not match the concept.