Table 2.
Group means (bold) and standard deviations (italics) for kinematic variables by level of support and for Stage of control.
| Group | GMFCS IV (n=8) 24 Sessions |
GMFCS V (n=7) 21 Sessions |
TD-3 (n=8) 18 Sessions |
TD-2 (n=8) 16 Sessions |
TD-1 (n=8) 16 Sessions |
TD+1 (n=8) 16 Sessions |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Age(range) | 12y 6m (7y 5m –16y 4m) | 8y 5m (4y 2m – 11y 9m) | 4m 14d (97–177 d) | 5m 16d (134–206 d) | 6m 13d (155–237 d) | 7m 12d (183–270 d) | |
| ML axis | |||||||
| Mean Head Position (° from midline) | L1 | 6.7 (3.6) | 14.0 (13.6) | 4.1 (2.7) | 4.4 (2.3) | 3.8 (2.1) | 5.3 (2.9) |
| L2 | 7.1 (4.2) | 14.3 (10.4) | 6.0 (4.4) | 5.3 (1.7) | 5.3 (2.3) | 5.7 (1.7) | |
| L3 | 5.2 (2.0) | 13.1 (6.3) | 9.2 (6.4) | 5.6 (2.3) | 5.9 (2.9) | 5.5 (2.6) | |
| L4 | 4.1 (2.3) | 12.8 (5.6) | 8.6 (4.3) | 6.4 (2.3) | 6.4 (3.6) | 5.9 (2.6) | |
| Variability of position (RMS) (°) | L1 | 7.6 (3.7) | 15.1 (13.3) | 6.1 (5.3) | 6.6 (4.9) | 5.2 (4.4) | 4.6 (3.4) |
| L2 | 8.1 (4.2) | 15.8 (9.9) | 10.1 (9.2) | 6.8 (3.4) | 7.7 (5.3) | 8.9 (4.0) | |
| L3 | 6.5 (2.4) | 15.0 (6.2) | 15.4 (14.1) | 9.3 (4.2) | 9.0 (6.1) | 9.1 (5.4) | |
| L4 | 5.2 (2.6) | 14.5 (5.8) | 13.5 (9.7) | 8.2 (2.1) | 7.5 (3.2) | 8.0 (4.6) | |
| Mean speed (°/s) | L1 | 2.4 (1.6) | 5.5 (3.3) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.4 (1.0) |
| L2 | 2.6 (1.6) | 6.6 (3.7) | 3.0 (1.3) | 3.1 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.2) | |
| L3 | 2.7 (1.5) | 6.3 (3.1) | 4.1 (1.7) | 3.8 (0.8) | 3.7 (0.7) | 3.8 (1.3) | |
| L4 | 2.4 (1.1) | 7.5 (3.5) | 8.5 (2.4) | 7.2 (2.0) | 6.0 (1.9) | 5.0 (1.6) | |
| Variability of speed (VSP) (°/s) | L1 | 4.7 (2.8) | 9.7 (5.1) | 3.9 (1.7) | 3.8 (1.4) | 3.8 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.4) |
| L2 | 4.9 (2.4) | 11.1 (5.7) | 4.5 (1.8) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.3 (1.5) | 5.6 (2.4) | |
| L3 | 4.2 (2.1) | 9.8 (4.9) | 5.6 (2.2) | 4.6 (1.1) | 4.6 (0.8) | 4.8 (1.1) | |
| L4 | 3.7 (1.5) | 11.2 (5.2) | 9.2 (2.5) | 7.8 (2.2) | 6.2 (1.7) | 5.5 (1.7) | |
| AP axis | |||||||
| Mean Head Position (° from midline) | L1 | 23.4 (8.0) | 29.1 (11.7) | 19.2 (7.6) | 17.7 (6.2) | 19.5 (5.1) | 15.0 (5.3) |
| L2 | 17.4 (7.7) | 24.3 (9.7) | 15.8 (6.7) | 13.9 (5.9) | 16.0 (6.4) | 13.7 (5.3) | |
| L3 | 14.1 (7.9) | 23.3 (10.2) | 12.6 (5.4) | 9.2 (2.4) | 10.0 (3.9) | 7.9 (3.4) | |
| L4 | 15.6 (6.2) | 28.8 (10.5) | 23.1 (10.1) | 19.3 (5.8) | 13.7 (5.2) | 8.3 (3.0) | |
| Variability of position (RMS) (°) | L1 | 24.7 (7.7) | 30.4 (11.0) | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.8 (3.2) | 5.5 (2.1) | 7.7 (2.7) |
| L2 | 19.2 (7.5) | 26.0 (9.2) | 5.9 (4.4) | 5.8 (2.0) | 6.4 (1.8) | 7.3 (2.8) | |
| L3 | 15.7 (7.9) | 25.1 (10.0) | 5.8 (2.3) | 8.0 (3.8) | 7.8 (3.1) | 8.9 (3.7) | |
| L4 | 16. 8 (6.4) | 30.3 (9.8) | 12.9 (5.8) | 13.5 (5.7) | 9.9 (4.0) | 9.7 (4.1) | |
| Mean speed (°/s) | L1 | 2.7 (1.7) | 5.9 (3.0) | 3.7 (1.6) | 3.7 (1.6) | 3.2 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.6) |
| L2 | 3.0 (1.8) | 7.6 (4.8) | 4.1 (1.6) | 4.1 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.5) | 5.0 (1.7) | |
| L3 | 3.2 (1.6) | 7.2 (3.0) | 5.0 (2.0) | 4.9 (1.7) | 4.8 (1.3) | 5.1 (1.8) | |
| L4 | 3.2 (1.6) | 9.3 (6.1) | 9.6 (4.1) | 9.4 (4.3) | 7.1 (2.3) | 6.8 (2.6) | |
| Variability of speed (VSP) (°/s) | L1 | 5.1 (2.7) | 10.9 (5.3) | 5.7 (2.0) | 5.6 (2.0) | 5.2 (1.7) | 7.6 (2.7) |
| L2 | 5.4 (2.8) | 13.0 (8.5) | 5.7 (2.1) | 5.5 (1.8) | 6.1 (2.6) | 7.6 (3.3) | |
| L3 | 5.3 (2.5) | 12.3 (5.8) | 6.5 (2.4) | 6.2 (3.6) | 6.0 (1.6) | 7.2 (3.2) | |
| L4 | 5.1 (2.2) | 14.9 (9.6) | 12.4 (5.7) | 11.9 (5.7) | 8.1 (2.3) | 8.4 (3.4) | |
| Stage of Control | |||||||
| Collapse | 5 | 6 | |||||
| Rise & Fall | 2 | 16 | 11 | 11 | 3 | 1 | |
| Wobble | 20 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 8 | ||
| Functional | 2 | 3 | 7 | ||||
GMFCS = Gross Motor Function Classification System, TD-3, TD-2, TD-1 = infants 3, 2 or 1 months before onset of independent sitting, TD+1 = infants within 1 month of achieving independent sitting. ML=medial-lateral; AP=anterior-posterior; Support levels: axillae (L1); midribs (L2), waist (L3) and hips (L4).