Table 3.
Post hoc statistical results for group*support interaction. For each group kinematic parameters with support at axillae (L1) were compared to support at midribs (L2), waist (L3) and hips (L4). p-value < 0.0125 is shown in bold font.
| Medial Lateral Axis
| ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Mean angle from midline (°) | Root Mean Square (RMS) (°) | Mean speed (°/s) | Variability of speed (VSP) (°/s) | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Confidence Interval
|
p-value | Confidence Interval
|
p-value | Confidence Interval
|
p-value | Confidence Interval
|
p-value | |||||
| lower | upper | lower | upper | lower | upper | lower | upper | |||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| GMFCS IV | −1.24 | 1.74 (L2) | 0.74 | −0.99 | 2.04 (L2) | 0.53 | −0.33 | 0.58 (L2) | −.59 | −0.71 | 0.71 (L2) | 0.97 |
| −3.54 | −0.47 (L3) | 0.008 | −3.20 | 0.004 (L3) | 0.038 | −0.39 | 0.54 (L3) | 0.73 | −1.55 | 0.084 (L3) | 0.033 | |
| −4.27 | −1.30 (L4) | <0.001 | −4.11 | −1.02 (L4) | <0.001 | −0.52 | 0.40 (L4) | 0.71 | −1.87 | −0.44 (L4) | 0.003 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| GMFCS V | −4.45 | 4.68 (L2) | 0.98 | −3.78 | 5.18 (L2) | 0.82 | −0.44 | 2.16 (L2) | 0.17 | −0.69 | 2.98 (L2) | 0.24 |
| −4.43 | 4.79 (L3) | 0.95 | −3.60 | 5.45 (L3) | 0.69 | −0.15 | 2.45 (L3) | 0.086 | −1.06 | 2.64 (L3) | 0.37 | |
| −4.93 | 3.72 (L4) | 0.88 | −4.02 | 4.52 (L4) | 0.93 | 0.78 | 3.14 (L4) | 0.002 | −0.15 | 3.33 (L4) | 0.078 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD-3 | −1.69 | 4.43 (L2) | 0.39 | −3.68 | 10.37 (L2) | 0.34 | −0.55 | 1.68 (L2) | 0.30 | −0.65 | 2.06 (L2) | 0.31 |
| 2.75 | 8.78 (L3) | <0.001 | 3.24 | 16.91 (L3) | 0.005 | 0.54 | 2.73 (L3) | 0.003 | 0.59 | 3.24 (L3) | 0.006 | |
| 1.51 | 7.51 (L4) | 0.003 | 0.10 | 13.84 (L4) | 0.037 | 5.33 | 7.50 (L4) | <0.001 | 4.54 | 7.23 (L4) | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD-2 | −0.40 | 2.35 (L2) | 0.15 | −1.30 | 3.85 (L2) | 0.31 | −0.09 | 1.64 (L2) | 0.073 | −0.33 | 1.76 (L2) | 0.16 |
| 0.36 | 3.10 (L3) | 0.012 | 0.99 | 6.15 (L3) | 0.008 | 0.25 | 1.97 (L3) | 0.011 | −0.28 | 1.76 (L3) | 0.16 | |
| 0.82 | 3.51 (L4) | 0.002 | −0.36 | 4.72 (L4) | 0.10 | 3.77 | 5.45 (L4) | <0.001 | 2.74 | 4.78 (L4) | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD-1 | −0.13 | 3.42 (L2) | 0.68 | −1.27 | 4.91 (L2) | 0.230 | 0.20 | 1.66 (L2) | 0.015 | −0.17 | 1.52 (L2) | 0.12 |
| −0.13 | 3.57 (L3) | 0.64 | 0.34 | 6.72 (L3) | 0.035 | 0.81 | 2.37 (L3) | <0.001 | −0.14 | 1.64 (L3) | 0.11 | |
| 0.65 | 4.36 (L4) | 0.010 | −1.29 | 5.16 (L4) | 0.236 | 2.88 | 4.42 (L4) | <0.001 | 1.54 | 3.34 (L4) | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD+1 | −2.00 | 1.46 (L2) | 0.75 | 1.16 | 7.28 (L2) | 0.006 | 0.08 | 1.37 (L2) | 0.026 | 0.31 | 2.07 (L2) | 0.007 |
| −1.61 | 1.92 (L3) | 0.93 | 2.50 | 8.44 (L3) | 0.001 | 0.75 | 1.99 (L3) | <0.001 | −0.04 | 1.62 (L3) | 0.061 | |
| −1.80 | 1.73 (L4) | 0.95 | 0.34 | 6.38 | 0.029 | 1.93 | 3.19 (L4) | <0.001 | 0.59 | 2.29 (L4) | 0.001 | |
| Anterior Posterior Axis
| ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Mean angle from midline (°) | Root Mean Square (RMS) (°) | Mean speed (°/s) | Variability of speed (VSP) (°/s) | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Confidence Interval
|
p-value | Confidence Interval
|
p-value | Confidence Interval
|
p-value | Confidence Interval
|
p-value | |||||
| lower | upper | lower | upper | lower | upper | lower | upper | |||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| GMFCS IV | −9.26 | −3.74 (L2) | <0.001 | −8.52 | −3.29 (L2) | <0.001 | −0.30 | 0.68 (L2) | 0.41 | −0.74 | 0.790 (L2) | 0.926 |
| −12.15 | −6.37 (L3) | <0.001 | −11.72 | −6.39 (L3) | <0.001 | −0.21 | 0.78 (L3) | 0.26 | −1.03 | 0.53 (L3) | 0.50 | |
| −10.72 | −5.13 (L4) | <0.001 | −10.39 | −5.17 (L4) | <0.001 | 0.09 | 1.08 (L4) | 0.021 | −0.85 | 0.674 (L4) | 0.808 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| GMFCS V | −10.36 | −0.34 (L2) | 0.030 | −9.77 | −0.27 (L2) | 0.032 | 0.064 | 3.65 (L2) | 0.051 | −0.44 | 5.44 (L2) | 0.11 |
| −9.83 | 0.25 (L3) | 0.064 | −9.89 | 0.034 (L3) | 0.057 | 0.017 | 3.67 (L3) | 0.056 | −0.51 | 5.54 (L3) | 0.12 | |
| −4.46 | 4.99 (L4) | 0.90 | −4.54 | 4.46 (L4) | 0.949 | 1.51 | 4.94 (L4) | <0.001 | 0.84 | 6.42 (L4) | 0.013 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD-3 | −7.91 | 2.09 (L2) | 0.249 | −2.58 | 1.97 (L2) | 0.75 | −1.56 | 1.81 (L2) | 0.85 | −2.56 | 2.05 (L2) | 0.80 |
| −10.16 | −0.39 (L3) | 0.039 | −1.64 | 2.80 (L3) | 0.62 | −0.37 | 2.93 (L3) | 0.12 | −1.26 | 3.23 (L3) | 0.41 | |
| 0.55 | 10.48 (L4) | 0.041 | 5.60 | 10.12 (L4) | <0.001 | 4.58 | 7.85 (L4) | <0.001 | 4.88 | 9.31 (L4) | <0.001 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD-2 | −7.33 | 0.19 (L2) | 0.06 | −2.58 | 2.25 (L2) | 0.83 | −1.08 | 2.11 (L2) | 0.53 | −2.19 | 2.27 (L2) | 0.93 |
| −12.54 | −5.00 (L3) | <0.001 | −0.79 | 3.94 (L3) | 0.19 | −0.54 | 2.70 (L3) | 0.17 | −1.58 | 2.83 (L3) | 0.54 | |
| −3.34 | 4.16 (L4) | 0.88 | 4.64 | 9.36 (L4) | <0.001 | 4.05 | 7.22 (L4) | <0.001 | 3.87 | 8.23 (L4) | < 0.001 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD-1 | −6.70 | −0.27 (L2) | 0.033 | −0.67 | 2.83 (L2) | 0.23 | 0.09 | 2.15 (L2) | 0.031 | −0.40 | 2.27 (L2) | 0.19 |
| −12.62 | −5.74 (L3) | < 0.001 | 0.22 | 3.97 (L3) | 0.021 | 0.46 | 2.57 (L3) | 0.006 | −0.99 | 1.81 (L3) | 0.48 | |
| −8.39 | −1.53 (L4) | 0.005 | 2.33 | 6.03 (L4) | <0.001 | 2.66 | 4.82 (L4) | <0.001 | 1.52 | 4.37 (L4) | < 0.001 | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| TD+1 | −3.85 | 2.00 (L2) | 0.51 | −3.10 | 0.83 (L2) | 0.26 | −0.91 | 1.21 (L2) | 0.75 | −2.47 | 0.76 (L2) | 0.31 |
| −9.87 | −4.10 (L3) | < 0.001 | −0.94 | 2.88 (L3) | 0.29 | −0.30 | 1.76 (L3) | 0.18 | −2.13 | 0.97 (L3) | 0.42 | |
| −10.07 | −4.26 (L4) | < 0.001 | −0.41 | 3.41 (L4) | 0.13 | 1.14 | 3.26 (L4) | <0.001 | −1.11 | 2.07 (L4) | 0.51 | |
GMFCS = Gross Motor Function Classification Scale; TD-3, TD-2, TD-1 = infants 3 or more, 2 or 1 months before onset of independent sitting, TD+1 = infants within 1 month of achieving independent sitting defined as ability to sit with hands free of support for 60 seconds or more.