Table 1.

Characteristics of participants by left ventricular geometry

	Normal geometry (n = 449)	Abnormal geometry (n = 1512)	p-value

Age, mean (SD)	62 (11)	64 (11)	0.002

Male, %	67	63	0.1

Race-ethnicity, %^*			< 0.001
Non-Hispanic white	58	45
Hispanic	31	37
Black	9	16
Other/multiple	2	3

History of hypertension, %	68	77	< 0.001

Severity of hypertension, %^*			< 0.001
Normal	2	2
Pre-hypertensive	25	16
Stage I	45	41
Stage II	28	41

Diabetes, %	30	38	0.002

Ischemic heart disease, %	10	9	0.7

Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73m²)
mean (SD)	85 (19)	81 (20)	< 0.001
< 60, %	10	17	0.001

Prior symptomatic lacunar infarct, %	15	14	0.8

Fractional shortening, mean (SD)	38 (11)	36 (15)	0.009
Fractional shortening ≤ 25%, %	6	9	0.1

Left ventricular function^,^*, %			< 0.001
normal	91	84
mild dysfunction	8	15
moderate-severe dysfunction	1	1

Intracranial stenosis ≥50%, % (n = 1850)	11	19	< 0.001

Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation, GFR = glomerular filtration rate. ARWMC = age-related white matter changes

For subsequent analyses, and due to small numbers, severity of hypertension categories normal and pre-hypertensive were combined into non-hypertensive, and left ventricular function categories of mild and moderate-severe dysfunction were combined into abnormal dysfunction

^**

As per qualitative assessment